World\nMajor advanced countries\nNordic and major advanced countries\nOECD members\nTPP\n

Australia\nCanada\nFrance\nGermany\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nSweden\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n Choose a country to compare\n----------\nAustralia\nCanada\nFrance\nGermany\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nSweden\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n

All rankings including Canada\nRankings in which Canada is Top\nRankings in which Canada is Top 1-3\nRankings in which Canada is Bottom 1-3\nRankings in which Canada is Bottom\nRankings in which Canada is either Top or Bottom\nRankings in which Canada is either Top3 or Bottom3\n

Election and Democracy> [17]

	Canada
Voter turnout in the national election	62.3% (2021) [8/10 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2004)	6.32 [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that elections are a good way of making governments pay attention to what the people think (1996)	61.6% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2004)	72.6% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2004)	66.1% [7/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2003)	82.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (1995)	84.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	36.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	42.8% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	47.5% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	11.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	7.4% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	9.6% [4/7 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2004)	6.22 [7/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2004)	5.96 [6/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2004)	6.02 [7/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2004)	3.83 [7/9 countries]

Politician> [10]

	Canada
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	338 [8/10 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	81,151 [6/10 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	30.65% [7/10 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	16.88% [5/10 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	51.4% [2/10 countries]
Average age of cabinet members (2018)	50.45 [9/10 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2010)	30.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2004)	37.2% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for what they can get out of it personally (2010)	40.5% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2006)	29.8% [6/7 countries]

Political party and organization> [4]

	Canada
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2004)	39.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2004)	59.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2004)	18.4% [1/7 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2001)	21.4% [2/7 countries]

Parliament> [3]

	Canada
% of those who have confidence in parliament (1998)	51.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2006)	25.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (1996)	25.7% [2/7 countries]

Political awareness> [27]

	Canada
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2006)	3.26 [3/9 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (1996)	3.44 [2/9 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2004)	55.4% [6/7 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2004)	60.9% [4/9 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2004)	24.3% [2/5 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2004)	13.9% [4/5 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2004)	34.3% [5/5 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2004)	8.0% [2/5 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2004)	23.6% [2/5 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2004)	24.1% [3/5 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2004)	6.2% [1/5 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2004)	64.8% [5/5 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2004)	42.9% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2006)	23.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2004)	19.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (1996)	17.9% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2006)	58.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2004)	63.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (1996)	68.0% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2006)	51.8% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2004)	56.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2001)	44.5% [2/4 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (1996)	45.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (2006)	23.7% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (1996)	25.0% [4/9 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2004)	59.0% [7/9 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2004)	6.31 [1/9 countries]

Political action> [18]

	Canada
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2004)	50.5% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2004)	44.0% [1/9 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2004)	49.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2004)	79.0% [2/9 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2004)	4.98 [3/9 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2004)	39.4% [1/9 countries]
% of those who would attend a public meeting organized to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	76.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2006)	90.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (1996)	90.9% [5/7 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2004)	26.2% [4/9 countries]
% of those who would go on a protest march or demonstration to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	59.1% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2006)	80.4% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (1996)	85.7% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2006)	53.0% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (1996)	62.2% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2004)	16.3% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2006)	75.7% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (1996)	69.3% [5/7 countries]

Public officials> [9]

	Canada
Employment in general government as % of total employment	19.87% (2019) [3/9 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	19.89% [7/10 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2006)	29.4% [2/7 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (1996)	24.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2004)	69.9% [2/9 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	92.3 [5/10 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2006)	36.1% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2004)	46.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2006)	85.0% [6/9 countries]

Public finance> [5]

	Canada
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	43.0% [6/10 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.62% [7/10 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	102% [5/10 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2006)	68.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (1996)	80.3% [3/7 countries]

Tax> [12]

	Canada
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	41% [5/10 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	5.0% [9/9 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	26.15% [7/10 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	16.8% [1/10 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	4.7% [9/10 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	3.9% [2/10 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	7.7% [6/10 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2006)	33.3% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (1996)	32.3% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2006)	39.9% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (1996)	44.9% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (1999)	67.8% [7/8 countries]

Social security> [25]

	Canada
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2003)	79.0% [1/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (1995)	81.5% [1/8 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2006)	52.7% [5/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (1996)	29.3% [7/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2006)	94.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2001)	95.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (1996)	90.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2006)	36.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think "government agencies should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	24.3% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	43.5% [9/9 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	55 [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that 1-6 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	25.4% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that 7-12 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	48.9% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	9.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	1.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government should pay for parental leave (2012)	26.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	7.2% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that both the government and the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	64.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think the employers should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	2.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think the family itself should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	69.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	28.2% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think government agencies should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	15.3% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that poverty is the most important issue for their country (2010)	5.5% [3/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2006)	84.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (1996)	72.2% [6/7 countries]

Law and Justice> [5]

	Canada
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2006)	71.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (1996)	77.2% [4/7 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2006)	60.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (1996)	74.9% [2/7 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2004)	6.47 [1/9 countries]

Population> [14]

	Canada
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	3,824.6 [8/10 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	0.5% [2/10 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	23.3% [2/10 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	15.8% [6/10 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	65.7% [2/10 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	18.6% [7/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	81.7 [7/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	83.9 [7/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	79.7 [6/10 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	4.3 [9/10 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	46.0 [5/10 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2010)	60.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2000)	55.5% [4/4 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between young people and older people (1999)	27.1% [6/8 countries]

Marriage and sex> [27]

	Canada
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	4.4 (2008) [3/10 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	2.1 (2008) [3/10 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.48 [6/10 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	86.0% (2016) [4/10 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	90.0% (2016) [3/10 countries]
% of those who have lived together without getting married (1994)	26.3% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1998)	23.5% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1994)	51.0% [3/6 countries]
% of those who lived with their husband or wife before they got married (1994)	30.8% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (2012)	34.7% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (1994)	32.3% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (1994)	2.5% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2012)	46.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (1994)	46.5% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that the main purpose of marriage these days is to have children (1994)	10.4% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (2012)	66.7% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1998)	21.8% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1994)	67.4% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (2012)	45.6% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (1994)	48.5% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that the main advantage of marriage is that it gives financial security (1994)	7.8% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1998)	65.9% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1994)	68.4% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (1998)	12.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that sex under 16 years old is always wrong (1994)	55.3% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1998)	39.9% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1994)	39.0% [6/6 countries]

Birth> [12]

	Canada
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	1.40 [7/10 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	9.4 [6/10 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	31.3 [4/10 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (2012)	42.0% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (1994)	38.0% [3/6 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	10 [3/10 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	4.4 [2/10 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	5 [2/10 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	7.3 [5/10 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	33.0% [8/10 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (1998)	19.9% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (1998)	47.6% [4/9 countries]

Parent-child relations> [13]

	Canada
% of children (aged 0-17) living with a single parent	19.2% (2016) [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2001)	54.9% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that adult children are an important source of help for elderly parents (2012)	70.9% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (2012)	10.7% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (1994)	10.9% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (2012)	42.6% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (1994)	36.7% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2012)	79.0% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (1994)	74.7% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that children are a financial burden (2012)	36.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex female couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	54.1% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex male couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	50.4% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that having children increases people's social standing in society (2012)	28.2% [7/9 countries]

Family> [5]

	Canada
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	1.77% [8/10 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	72.3% [3/8 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2001)	31.2% [5/8 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2012)	5.59 [4/9 countries]
Fathers' time spent on physical care and child supervision (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	44.6 [2/9 countries]

Domestic problems> [1]

	Canada
Prevalence of overweight in children under 5 (%) (2020)	11.8% [2/6 countries]

Migration> [28]

	Canada
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	21.3% [2/10 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	101,757 [7/10 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	27.1 [6/10 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2001)	69.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2003)	29.1% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (1995)	20.9% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2003)	32.2% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (1995)	41.3% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2003)	27.3% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (1995)	20.3% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigration is the most important issue for their country (2010)	2.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2003)	62.7% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (1995)	63.2% [2/8 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2003)	27.0% [5/9 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (1995)	24.5% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2003)	67.2% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (1995)	78.9% [2/8 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2003)	41.6% [8/9 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (1995)	33.8% [8/8 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2003)	16.6% [9/9 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (1995)	19.3% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2003)	28.9% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (1995)	35.8% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2003)	30.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (1995)	27.9% [6/8 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2003)	38.8% [8/9 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2003)	84.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (1995)	82.1% [3/6 countries]

National economy> [12]

	Canada
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	1,990.762 [7/10 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	52,079 [4/10 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	52,985 [5/10 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	48,310 [5/10 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	61.2 [8/10 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	9.4% [5/10 countries]
% of those who think that the economy is the most important issue for their country (2010)	23.6% [7/8 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	1,066 [8/10 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2006)	76.0% [5/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (1996)	74.5% [6/7 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2003)	81.6% [3/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (1995)	62.2% [4/8 countries]

Saving and investment> [2]

	Canada
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	281 [4/10 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	19.9% (2021) [8/10 countries]

Price and interest> [27]

	Canada
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	107 [5/10 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	109 [5/10 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [8/10 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	107 [7/10 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	98 [8/10 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	142 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	113 [5/10 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	114 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	119 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	174 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	115 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	115 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	116 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	104 [8/10 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	140 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	106 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	112 [5/10 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	117 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	109 [6/10 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	109 [5/10 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	1.36% [4/10 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2006)	70.2% [7/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (1996)	63.9% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	32.9% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	26.0% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	21.1% [1/7 countries]
% of those who would choose keeping down inflation rather than keeping down unemployment, (1996)	39.5% [4/6 countries]

Income inequality> [15]

	Canada
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.303 [4/10 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	11.8% [6/10 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	73.9% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	30.8% [1/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2012)	14.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (1999)	68.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (1999)	34.7% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2010)	53.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2000)	51.3% [3/4 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1999)	45.4% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1996)	42.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1993)	40.9% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2006)	67.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1998)	61.5% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1996)	50.5% [7/7 countries]

Social inequality> [9]

	Canada
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	18.4% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	22.9% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	30.0% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (1999)	27.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (1999)	1.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	1.7% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	5.0% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	8.7% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (1999)	49.9% [4/7 countries]

Social position> [8]

	Canada
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (1999)	14.4% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (1999)	77.0% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (1999)	8.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (1999)	46.6% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (1999)	28.8% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (1999)	52.3% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	14.8% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	51.0% [3/8 countries]

Manufacturing> [2]

	Canada
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	9.9% (2018) [7/10 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	53.3% (2016) [5/9 countries]

Services> [2]

	Canada
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	3.6% (2019) [6/7 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	56.0% (2016) [5/9 countries]

Financial sector> [0]

Companies> [5]

	Canada
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (1998)	75.0% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2010)	39.9% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2000)	48.8% [2/4 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (1993)	54.7% [3/6 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2003)	64.1% [4/9 countries]

Starting business> [0]

Industrial policy> [5]

	Canada
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2006)	52.7% [4/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (1996)	50.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2006)	81.9% [5/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (1996)	82.1% [4/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2006)	42.0% [7/7 countries]

Employment> [22]

	Canada
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	82.6% [5/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	75.6% [2/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	93.1% [4/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	83.8% [4/10 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	68.4% [7/10 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	57.1% [6/10 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	1.5% [7/10 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	1.5% [7/10 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	19.3% [7/10 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	79.2% [3/10 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male and female	32.3% (2021) [6/8 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male	32.7% (2021) [6/8 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: female	31.8% (2021) [5/8 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2005)	63.0% [6/9 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (1997)	69.4% [7/8 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2005)	44.0% [2/9 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (1997)	44.7% [2/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2006)	35.0% [7/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1998)	48.0% [7/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1996)	36.5% [7/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2006)	72.2% [5/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (1996)	70.6% [7/7 countries]

Female employment> [43]

	Canada
Gender wage gap (comparison of median)	16.1% (2020) [4/9 countries]
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	76.8% (2019) [2/10 countries]
Share of female managers	35.6% (2021) [5/9 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	32.9% [7/10 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2012)	12.3% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1998)	15.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1994)	10.5% [8/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (2012)	58.2% [1/6 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1998)	48.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1994)	61.0% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (2012)	56.4% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (1994)	58.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (2012)	45.2% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (1994)	43.6% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (2012)	18.8% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (1994)	17.3% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (2012)	70.5% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (1994)	73.1% [2/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (2012)	53.3% [2/6 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (1994)	52.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that the mother and the father should each take half of paid parental leave (2012)	31.0% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take most of the paid leave period and the father should take some of it. (2012)	44.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take the entire paid parental leave (2012)	24.4% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that no paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	14.8% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2012)	17.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (1994)	18.0% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	17.2% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work part-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	6.2% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2012)	34.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (1994)	42.2% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that mother should stay at home and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	36.0% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that mother should work part-time and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	39.8% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that both mother and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	48.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that father stay at home and mother work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	19.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that mother stay at home and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	11.1% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2012)	51.9% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (1994)	48.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2012)	4.6% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (1994)	9.2% [5/8 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	63.5% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	53.3% [7/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	43.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (1994)	49.0% [2/8 countries]

Self-employment> [6]

	Canada
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, men, % of total employed	11.4% (2021) [3/8 countries]
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, women, % of total employed	8.6% (2021) [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that employees have more job security than the self-employed (2005)	50.9% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that being an employee interferes more with family life than self-employment (2005)	25.9% [5/9 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (2005)	46.7% [7/9 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (1997)	41.7% [5/8 countries]

Non-regular employment> [5]

	Canada
Part-time employment - male	13.1% (2021) [3/9 countries]
Part-time employment - female	24.4% (2021) [6/9 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	11.5% (2021) [6/10 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	12.8% (2021) [6/10 countries]
Temporary employment - 15-24 years as % of dependent employment	30.2% (2021) [6/10 countries]

Side business> [0]

Recruitment and job change> [6]

	Canada
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (2005)	31.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (1997)	32.5% [2/8 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (2005)	26.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (1997)	15.8% [8/8 countries]
% of those who would change their present type of work for something different if given the chance (1997)	39.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that it is likely that they will try to find a job with another firm or organization within the next 12 months (2005)	25.1% [6/9 countries]

Work preference> [31]

	Canada
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (2005)	92.6% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (1997)	89.9% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (2005)	82.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (1997)	78.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (2005)	82.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (1997)	81.4% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (2005)	96.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (1997)	94.9% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (2005)	84.2% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (1997)	71.5% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (2005)	80.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (1997)	74.1% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (2005)	80.5% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (1997)	72.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (2005)	59.6% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (1997)	53.0% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (2005)	65.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (1997)	59.1% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (2005)	34.6% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (1997)	29.5% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (2005)	28.0% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (1997)	23.9% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (2005)	79.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (1997)	75.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (2005)	85.9% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (1997)	74.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (2005)	81.6% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (1997)	75.3% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (2005)	74.0% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (1997)	69.5% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives a chance to improve their skills (2005)	74.1% [2/7 countries]

Unemployment> [14]

	Canada
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	7.4% [4/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	7.7% [4/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	7.2% [4/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	13.5% [4/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	16.3% (2021) [9/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	17.4% (2021) [9/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	15.0% (2021) [9/10 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (2005)	17.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (1997)	16.0% [7/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2006)	63.1% [4/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (1996)	65.5% [6/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (2006)	25.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (1996)	16.6% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the policy against unemployment (2006)	34.6% [2/9 countries]

Labor policy> [1]

	Canada
Public expenditure for active labor policy, % of GDP	0.21% (2019) [7/9 countries]

Working time> [24]

	Canada
Average annual hours actually worked per worker	1,685 (2021) [4/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men and women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	304.6 (2015) [3/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	340.5 (2015) [3/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	268.3 (2015) [4/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men and women, minutes per day per person)	28.8 (2015) [5/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men, minutes per day per person)	32.6 (2015) [5/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (women, minutes per day per person)	24.9 (2015) [5/10 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2006)	44.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (1996)	46.2% [5/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept longer commuting to avoid unemployment (2005)	47.2% [4/9 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (2005)	20.3% [7/7 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (1997)	28.9% [3/8 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (2005)	67.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (1997)	61.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (2005)	12.6% [4/9 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (1997)	8.6% [6/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (2005)	13.2% [7/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (1997)	31.2% [2/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (2005)	49.4% [2/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (1997)	29.0% [7/8 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2005)	54.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (1997)	58.2% [1/6 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves how to organize work (2005)	79.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who can take an hour or two off during working hours (2005)	63.4% [6/9 countries]

Wages> [15]

	Canada
Minimum relative to average (mean) wages of full-time workers (2020)	43.7% [6/8 countries]
Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers (2020)	49.0% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (1999)	58.6% [3/6 countries]
% of those willing to accept lower pay to avoid unemployment (2005)	40.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	77.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that whether the job requires supervising others is important in deciding pay (1999)	91.4% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (1999)	56.0% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (1997)	45.1% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think how long the person has been with the firm is important in deciding pay (1997)	70.0% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (1999)	53.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (1997)	83.6% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (1999)	33.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	86.5% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (1997)	90.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think how hard he or she works at the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	79.2% [3/8 countries]

Work motivation> [15]

	Canada
% of those who often arrive at work too tired to function well because of the household work (2012)	0.9% [7/9 countries]
% of those who often find it difficult to concentrate at work because of family responsibilities (2012)	1.6% [8/9 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2012)	5.29 [2/9 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2005)	4.31 [3/8 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (1997)	412.6% [5/8 countries]
% of those satisfied with job (5 choices) (Ž¿–â�F‘S‘Ì“I‚É‚Ý‚Ä�A‚ ‚È‚½‚ÍŒ»�Ý‚ÌŽdŽ–‚É‚Ç‚Ì’ö“x–ž‘«‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·‚©�B ‘I‘ðŽˆ�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v�u‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Å‚à‚È‚¢�v�u•s–ž�v�u”ñ�í‚É•s–ž�v ƒf�[ƒ^�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v‚ÌŠ„�‡)	61.6% [2/31 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (2005)	39.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (1997)	38.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (2005)	22.9% [8/9 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (1997)	20.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (2005)	59.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (1997)	53.4% [6/8 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (2005)	5.8% [6/9 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (1997)	6.6% [3/8 countries]
% of women who prefer no paid job at all (2005)	6.9% [6/9 countries]

Skills> [3]

	Canada
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (2005)	70.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (1997)	68.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who have got training to improve job skills over the past 12 months (2005)	56.5% [4/9 countries]

Workplace> [8]

	Canada
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (2005)	81.2% [5/7 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (1997)	84.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who often share work-related information with co-workers (2011-2017)	66.3% [2/9 countries]
% of those who often learn new work-related things from co-workers or supervisors (2011-2017)	33.9% [3/9 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (2005)	63.8% [4/9 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (1997)	65.0% [2/8 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (2005)	73.3% [2/9 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (1997)	68.2% [2/8 countries]

Industrial relations> [7]

	Canada
Trade union participation (% of total employment)	27.2% (2020) [3/10 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2004)	39.2% [2/9 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2001)	35.3% [1/8 countries]
Strikes (the total number of working days lost because of strikes per 1000 employees) (2000-2004)	171 [1/10 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions are very important for the job security of employees (2005)	49.4% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the working conditions of employees would be much worse without trade unions (2005)	52.0% [7/7 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between management and employees as good (2005)	65.8% [6/7 countries]

Work accident> [4]

	Canada
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (2005)	18.5% [9/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (1997)	26.2% [1/8 countries]
% of those who always/ often work in dangerous conditions (2005)	10.4% [6/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often work in dangerous conditions (1997)	10.8% [6/8 countries]

Housework> [62]

	Canada
Time spent for routine housework (men and women, minutes per day per person)	114.7 (2015) [4/10 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (men, minutes per day per person)	95.4 (2015) [2/10 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (women, minutes per day per person)	133.9 (2015) [6/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	24.1 (2015) [6/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men, minutes per day per person)	18.9 (2015) [6/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (women, minutes per day per person)	29.3 (2015) [6/10 countries]
Time spent for child care (men and women, minutes per day per person)	27.6 (2015) [1/8 countries]
Time spent for child care (men, minutes per day per person)	18.1 (2015) [2/8 countries]
Time spent for child care (women, minutes per day per person)	37.1 (2015) [2/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (2005)	26.6% [2/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (1997)	15.3% [4/6 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (2005)	31.3% [5/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (1997)	41.1% [2/6 countries]
% of men who think that they do less than their fair share of the household work (2012)	42.1% [5/9 countries]
% of women who think that they do more than their fair share of the household work (2012)	66.2% [3/9 countries]
% of women who say that they prepare meals (2012)	64.3% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners prepare meals (2012)	25.5% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (2012)	74.8% [7/9 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (1994)	71.0% [7/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (2012)	18.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (1994)	24.9% [2/8 countries]
% of women who say that they clean the house (2012)	67.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners clean the house (2012)	29.1% [2/9 countries]
% of men who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	0.9% [9/9 countries]
% of women who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	31.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who says that both partners decide how to raise children together (2012)	59.5% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think private childcare providers should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	22.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	54.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	59.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think private providers should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	12.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that the elderly people themselves or their family should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	56.5% [1/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	63.5% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	53.3% [7/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	43.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (1994)	49.0% [2/8 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	10.7% [6/9 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (1994)	6.5% [7/8 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	9.4% [4/9 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (1994)	10.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (2012)	51.9% [5/9 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (1994)	49.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (2012)	18.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (1994)	23.8% [1/8 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (2012)	15.9% [1/9 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (1994)	12.0% [1/8 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	55.6% [5/9 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (1994)	48.7% [5/8 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	21.4% [1/9 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (1994)	11.9% [2/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (2012)	38.3% [6/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (1994)	44.0% [5/8 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (2012)	88.5% [1/9 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (1994)	81.7% [4/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (2012)	9.9% [8/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (1994)	19.2% [2/8 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	3.6% [8/9 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	14.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2012)	53.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who often come home from work too tired to do the chores (2012)	18.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who often work too long to fulfil family responsibilities (2012)	8.2% [9/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that job interfere with family life (2005)	18.5% [6/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that family life interfere with job (2005)	7.8% [1/9 countries]

Voluntary activities> [4]

	Canada
% of those who take part in voluntary work once a month or more (2011-2017)	25.5% [2/9 countries]
% of those who never take part in voluntary work (2011-2017)	51.4% [8/9 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men and women, minutes per day per person)	3.0 (2015) [5/8 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men, minutes per day per person)	3.0 (2015) [4/8 countries]

Education in general> [18]

	Canada
% of general government expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	52.3% [5/10 countries]
% of household expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	24.1% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that education is the most important issue for their country (2010)	9.3% [8/8 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2006)	66.4% [5/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (1996)	66.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (1999)	28.2% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (1999)	56.6% [5/8 countries]
Literacy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	273 [4/10 countries]
Numeracy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	273 [4/10 countries]
Proficiency of problem solving in technology-rich environments proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	282 [6/8 countries]
% of those who like learning new things (2011-2017)	78.6% [4/9 countries]
% of those who try to relate new ideas to real life (2011-2017)	43.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who try to relate new things to existing knowledge (2011-2017)	67.1% [4/9 countries]
% of those who like to solve difficult problems (2011-2017)	66.6% [2/9 countries]
% of those who like to fit different ideas together (2011-2017)	58.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who look for additional information to understand things (2011-2017)	78.0% [4/9 countries]
Time in school or classes (men and women, minutes per day per person)	20.9 (2015) [4/9 countries]
Time in school or classes (men, minutes per day per person)	21.3 (2015) [4/9 countries]

Pre-primary education> [0]

Pre-primary education at home> [18]

	Canada
% of the parents who often read books to their child before they began primary school (2019)	71.2% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often told stories to their child before they began primary school (2019)	62.8% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often sang songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	65.4% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played with alphabet toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	58.0% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	74.3% [4/7 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about what they had read to their child before they began primary school (2019)	41.6% [3/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played word games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	39.2% [4/7 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote letters or words to their child before they began primary school (2019)	52.5% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often read aloud signs and labels to their child before they began primary school (2019)	54.4% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often sang counting songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	57.3% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played with number toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	55.0% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents who often counted different things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	72.4% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played games involving shapes with their child before they began primary school (2019)	67.9% [3/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played with building blocks or construction toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	71.8% [3/7 countries]
% of the parents who often played board or card games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	47.1% [4/7 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote numbers to their child before they began primary school (2019)	49.4% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often drew shapes to their child before they began primary school (2019)	54.1% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents who often measured or weighed things with their child before they began primary school (2019)	19.1% [2/7 countries]

Pre-primary education on letters> [7]

	Canada
% of the children who could recognize most of the letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	65.8% [1/7 countries]
% of the children who could read some words very well when they began primary school (2019)	38.4% [4/7 countries]
% of the children who could read sentences very well when they began primary school (2019)	23.2% [3/7 countries]
% of the children who could read a story very well when they began primary school (2019)	18.2% [3/7 countries]
% of the children who could write letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	46.9% [3/7 countries]
% of the children who could write his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	64.8% [7/7 countries]
% of the children who could write words other than his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	31.0% [5/7 countries]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [4]

	Canada
% of the children who could count by himself/ herself up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	39.4% [4/7 countries]
% of the children who could recognize written numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	31.8% [4/7 countries]
% of the children who could write numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	26.7% [4/7 countries]
% of the children who could do simple addition up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	72.5% [5/7 countries]

Primary school> [4]

	Canada
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public and private) (2018)	16.7 [3/10 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public) (2018)	16.8 [3/10 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (private) (2018)	15.6 [4/10 countries]
Annual number of hours of compulsory instruction in primary education (2019)	920 [2/8 countries]

Primary school students - home> [3]

	Canada
% of Grade 4 students who have their own room (2019)	78.7% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	96.7% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	40.2% [8/10 countries]

Primary school students - school life> [19]

	Canada
% of Grade 4 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	6.1% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	43.4% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	33.2% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	39.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	59.0% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	55.6% [7/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	67.8% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	61.6% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2019)	56.7% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2019)	60.6% [1/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	47.3% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	36.2% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	27.5% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2019)	51.3% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2019)	38.1% [2/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	13.2% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	9.2% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	5.6% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	34.2% [2/10 countries]

Primary school students - mathematics> [32]

	Canada
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2019)	512 [9/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	50.6% [8/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	47.1% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	16.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	12.7% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	57.5% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	49.4% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	36.2% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	40.2% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	35.8% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	43.7% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	64.8% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	61.5% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	64.0% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	77.0% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	79.5% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	73.0% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students don�ft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	20.0% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	30.8% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	15.1% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost everymathematics lesson (2019)	29.8% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	28.9% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	21.5% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	50.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	14.3% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at mathematics (2019)	10.3% [8/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	41.6% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	12.0% [2/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	31.7% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	38.7% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	14.3% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	14.4% [4/10 countries]

Primary school students - science> [24]

	Canada
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2019)	523 [7/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	20.5% [9/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	50.9% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	13.1% [2/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	9.2% [2/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	67.0% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	54.0% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	63.3% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to learning science (2019)	48.1% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	63.3% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	43.2% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	62.2% [2/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	65.9% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	67.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	74.3% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	73.6% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	67.9% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	48.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	9.6% [5/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at science (2019)	9.5% [4/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	43.4% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	33.6% [3/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	9.5% [6/10 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	11.0% [4/10 countries]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Canada
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	14.1% [3/7 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	3.2% [6/7 countries]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [8]

	Canada
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school does a good job including them in their child�fs education (2019)	54.7% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school provides a safe environment (2019)	74.1% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school cares about their child's progress in school (2019)	64.7% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job informing them of his/her progress (2019)	56.2% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school promotes high academic standards (2019)	42.0% [1/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in reading (2019)	57.4% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in mathematics (2019)	53.1% [2/7 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in science (2019)	49.4% [2/7 countries]

Primary school - future educational plan> [1]

	Canada
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	71.2% [2/7 countries]

Lower secondary school> [0]

Lower secondary school students - home> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [0]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [0]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [0]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [0]

Lower secondary education teachers> [44]

	Canada
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	46.98 [2/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2013)	48.25 [2/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	27.18 [2/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2013)	26.37 [2/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	7.29 [4/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2013)	7.49 [5/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	2.55 [7/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2013)	2.99 [7/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	4.99 [3/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2013)	5.50 [3/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	2.27 [6/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2013)	2.66 [4/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	1.75 [4/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2013)	2.15 [5/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	2.43 [7/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2013)	3.23 [7/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	1.54 [5/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.42 [5/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2013)	1.73 [3/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	2.75 [3/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2013)	3.59 [3/9 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	0.71 [9/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachears who think that the teaching profession is valued in society (2013)	47.03% [2/8 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	81.56% [1/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	79.75% [8/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	91.91% [4/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	86.52% [3/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	31.79% [4/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	76.04% [2/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	56.74% [3/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	54.89% [1/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	53.96% [9/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	50.41% [9/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	58.18% [6/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	61.89% [5/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	74.58% [3/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	72.49% [2/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	44.00% [2/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	65.67% [2/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	22.94% [5/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	93.56% [1/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	87.56% [2/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	96.31% [1/9 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with the present job all in all (2018)	92.74% [2/9 countries]

High school students - Performance> [10]

	Canada
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2018)	520.09 [1/10 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2015)	527 [1/10 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2000)	534 [1/10 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2018)	512.02 [3/10 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2015)	516 [3/10 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2000)	533 [3/10 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2018)	518.00 [3/10 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2015)	528 [2/10 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2000)	529 [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have ever repeated a grade (2009)	8.4% [5/10 countries]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

	Canada
% of 15-year-old students who have a computer they can use for school work in their home (2018)	93.0% [2/10 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have classic literature in their home (2018)	38.6% [10/10 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have books of poetry in their home (2018)	32.8% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have works of art (e.g. paintings) in their home (2018)	74.3% [1/10 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have musical instruments (e.g. guitar, piano) in their home (2018)	23.2% [8/10 countries]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [35]

	Canada
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2018)	30.5% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2009)	29.4% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2018)	38.2% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2009)	38.9% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2018)	26.6% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2009)	27.7% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2018)	18.7% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2009)	17.8% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2018)	28.8% [2/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2009)	27.3% [2/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher adapts the lesson to their class's needs and knowledge in their language lessons (2018)	54.3% [7/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher provides individual help when a student has difficulties understanding a topic or task in their language lessons (2018)	64.1% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher changes the structure of the lesson on a topic that most students find difficult to understand in their language lessons (2018)	43.4% [6/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include diagrams or maps for school (2018)	31.3% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read fiction (e.g., novels, short stories) for school (2018)	33.0% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include tables or graphs for school (2018)	36.6% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read digital texts including links for school (2018)	31.5% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2018)	61.8% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2009)	65.2% [2/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2018)	48.7% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2009)	44.3% [2/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2018)	57.2% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2009)	53.1% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2018)	59.5% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2009)	64.7% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have read a text of more than 100 pages in their language lessons (2018)	68.4% [2/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a summary of the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	69.4% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to list and write a short description of the main characters in their language lessons (2018)	70.4% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to discuss in small groups with other students who read the same book or chapter in their language lessons (2018)	66.8% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to give their personal thoughts about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	75.2% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to answer questions about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	86.9% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the content of the book or the chapter with their own experience in their language lessons (2018)	55.2% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the book with other books or texts on a similar topic in their language lessons (2018)	59.2% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to select a passage they liked or disliked and explain why in their language lessons (2018)	53.8% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a text related to what they have read in their language lessons (2018)	64.0% [2/10 countries]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

	Canada
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use keywords when using a search engine (2018)	58.6% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to decide whether to trust information from the Internet (2018)	74.4% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to compare different web pages and decide what information is more relevant (2018)	68.5% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school to understand the consequences of making information publicly available online (2018)	77.1% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use the short description below the links in the list of results of a search (2018)	51.4% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect whether the information is subjective or biased (2018)	66.3% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect phishing or spam emails (2018)	36.3% [5/10 countries]

High school students - Reading> [23]

	Canada
% of 15 year old students who read only if they have to (2018)	47.2% [7/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is one of their favourite hobbies (2018)	35.6% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who like talking about books with other people (2018)	38.4% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is a waste of time (2018)	26.0% [7/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who I read only to get information that they need (2018)	46.2% [8/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read magazines several times a week (2018)	2.1% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2018)	4.4% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2009)	5.3% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2018)	14.0% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2009)	20.2% [2/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read non-fiction books (informational, documentary) several times a week (2018)	5.1% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2018)	5.0% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2009)	22.4% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often in paper format (2018)	34.9% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often on digital devices (2018)	15.7% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices (2018)	15.8% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spend more than 1 hour a day reading for enjoyment (2018)	15.6% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are good readers (2018)	78.3% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are able to understand difficult texts (2018)	73.4% [2/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they read fluently (2018)	77.3% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have always had difficulty with reading (2018)	17.6% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have to read a text several times before completely understanding it (2018)	38.8% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that I find it difficult to answer questions about a text (2018)	27.5% [5/10 countries]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

	Canada
% of 15-year olds who read emails several times a day (2018)	13.0% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who chat on line several times a day (2018)	60.4% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read online news several times a day (2018)	17.1% [8/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search information online to learn about a particular topic several times a day (2018)	22.5% [10/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who take part in online group discussions or forums several times a day (2018)	12.8% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search for practical information online several times a day (2018)	17.4% [7/10 countries]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

	Canada
% of those who agree that there were many words they could not understand in the PISA test (2018)	13.3% [8/10 countries]
% of those who agree that many texts were too difficult for them in the PISA test (2018)	10.6% [9/10 countries]
% of those who agree that they were lost when they had to navigate between different pages in the PISA test (2018)	14.6% [8/10 countries]

High school students - learning method> [11]

	Canada
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of concentrating on the parts of the text that are easy to understand as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.24 [5/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of quickly reading through the text twice as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.04 [4/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of discussing its content with other people after reading the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.44 [8/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of underlining important parts of the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.74 [9/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of summarising the text in their own words as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.78 [10/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text aloud to another person as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	2.75 [8/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking that each paragraph is covered in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.22 [6/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of I trying to copy out accurately as many sentences as possible as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	2.43 [6/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text as many times as possible before writing the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.32 [6/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of carefully checking whether the most important facts in the text are represented in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.13 [7/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading through the text, underlining the most important sentences, and then writing them in their own words as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.87 [9/10 countries]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

	Canada
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of answering the email and asking for more information as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.67 [3/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the sender�fs email address as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.93 [7/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of clicking on the link to fill out the form as soon as possible as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.13 [5/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of deleting the email without clicking on the link as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.31 [5/10 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the website of the mobile phone operator as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.56 [7/10 countries]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

	Canada
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get a good job (2018)	82.4% [8/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get into a good college (2018)	87.3% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school is important (2018)	84.8% [9/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who find satisfaction in working as hard as they can (2018)	79.2% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who persist until a task is finished once they start (2018)	67.8% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy doing things when they improve on their past performance (2018)	81.3% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who would rather keep struggling to master something if they are not good at than move on to something they may be good at (2018)	63.0% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who worry about what others think of when they are failing (2018)	58.1% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who are afraid that they might not have enough talent when they are failing (2018)	61.5% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who doubt their plans for the future when they are failing (2018)	64.3% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they can�ft change their intelligence very much (2018)	30.4% [8/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy working in situations involving competition with others (2018)	65.3% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that it is important for them to perform better than other people on a task (2018)	59.5% [6/10 countries]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [4]

	Canada
% of 15-year-olds who try harder when they are in competition with other people (2018)	72.6% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value cooperation (2018)	0.0% [10/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are cooperating with each other (2018)	0.0% [10/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that cooperating with each other is important (2018)	0.0% [10/10 countries]

High school students - meaning of life> [0]

High school students - feeling> [9]

	Canada
% of 15-year-olds who always feel happy (2018)	44.4% [2/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel scared (2018)	5.1% [4/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel lively (2018)	27.4% [6/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel miserable (2018)	5.7% [5/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel proud (2018)	19.3% [5/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel afraid (2018)	7.0% [7/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel joyful (2018)	31.9% [7/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel sad (2018)	8.4% [4/9 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel cheerful (2018)	32.8% [5/9 countries]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

	Canada
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to learn as much as possible (2018)	51.3% [2/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to completely master the material presented in their classes (2018)	44.7% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to understand the content of their classes as thoroughly as possible (2018)	62.5% [1/10 countries]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

	Canada
% of 15-year olds who usually manage one way or another (2018)	86.8% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel proud that they have accomplished things (2018)	85.1% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel that they can handle many things at a time (2018)	67.6% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who can usually find their way out in a difficult situation (2018)	81.3% [3/10 countries]

High school students - feeling at school> [5]

	Canada
% of 15-year olds who feel like an outsider (or left out of things) (2018)	24.7% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who make friends easily at school (2018)	69.4% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel like they belong at school. (2018)	62.8% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel awkward and out of place in their school. (2018)	23.8% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that other students seem to like them (2018)	79.5% [6/10 countries]

High school students - family support> [0]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

	Canada
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped a whole school day in the last two weeks (2018)	21.4% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped some classes in the last two weeks (2018)	30.3% [2/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever arrived late for school in the last two weeks (2018)	48.3% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been made fun of by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	32.4% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been left out of things by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	38.5% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been threatened by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	17.1% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose belongings have ever been taken away or destroyed by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	14.4% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been hit or pushed around by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	17.5% [3/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose nasty rumours have ever been spread by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	24.2% [4/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who are irritated when nobody defends bullied students (2018)	77.3% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a good thing to help students who can�ft defend themselves (2018)	83.2% [5/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a wrong thing to join in bullying (2018)	84.0% [7/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel bad seeing other students bullied (2018)	82.8% [6/10 countries]
% of 15-year olds who like to see someone standing up for bullied students (2018)	84.7% [5/10 countries]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

	Canada
Average hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	3.71 [5/10 countries]
Dispersion (S.E.) of hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	0.100 [3/10 countries]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

	Canada
% of 15 year old students who definitely check brochure to check how to get to the zoo (2012)	36.1% [5/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely study a map and work out the best route (2012)	32.3% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely leave it to their brother to worry about how to get there (2012)	10.4% [4/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely suggest just to start driving (2012)	16.6% [6/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely check similarities with the machines they have used when the ticket machine is new (2012)	35.1% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try out all the buttons to see what happens when the ticket machine is new (2012)	11.7% [1/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely ask someone for help when the ticket machine is new (2012)	27.7% [3/10 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try to find a ticket office when the ticket machine is new (2012)	26.3% [7/10 countries]

University> [15]

	Canada
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	60.0% [1/10 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	25.6% [1/10 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	34.4% [6/10 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	64.4% [2/10 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	24.0% [1/10 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	40.4% [6/10 countries]
Private spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	50.6% [6/10 countries]
Household spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	28.5% [6/9 countries]
Average tuition fees charged by public institutions (10,000 JPY) (2008-2009)	43.9 [5/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2006)	90.3% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (1996)	85.3% [6/7 countries]
% of international students in tertiary enrolments (2010)	6.6% [4/6 countries]
Number of researchers in higher education (per thousand employment)	2.84 (2008) [4/9 countries]
Number of doctoral graduates (2009)	5,440 [8/10 countries]
Graduation rates at doctorate level	1.20 (2008) [8/10 countries]

Mass media> [11]

	Canada
% of respondents reporting high levels of trust in media	62.3% (2010) [1/10 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2004)	17.7% [1/9 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for less than 1 hour per day (2007)	29.6% [3/8 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for more than 2 hours per day (2007)	31.0% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2003)	43.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (1995)	48.7% [2/8 countries]
Daily newspapers: number of titles (2004)	103 [6/10 countries]
Daily newspapers: Number of titles per 1 million inhabitants (2004)	3.22 [4/10 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation (2004)	5,578,000 [7/9 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitants (2004)	175 [6/9 countries]
Newspaper journalists (headcounts)	5,000 (2004) [9/9 countries]