World\nMajor advanced countries\nNordic and major advanced countries\nOECD members\nASIA\n

Australia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n Choose a country to compare\n----------\nAustralia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n

All rankings including Republic of Korea\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is Top\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is Top 1-3\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is Bottom 1-3\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is Bottom\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is either Top or Bottom\nRankings in which Republic of Korea is either Top3 or Bottom3\n

Election and Democracy> [24]

	Republic of Korea
Voter turnout in the national election	66.2% (2020) [20/38 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2014)	6.01 [9/26 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2014)	52.9% [15/26 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2014)	74.5% [3/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2013)	55.0% [16/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2003)	33.2% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	15.8% [28/29 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	9.0% [21/29 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy works well in their country today (2014)	5.62 [13/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy worked well in their country 10 years ago (2014)	4.55 [22/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy will work well in their country 10 years from now (2014)	6.67 [5/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2014)	5.86 [25/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2004)	6.00 [27/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2014)	5.61 [24/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2004)	5.55 [27/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2014)	6.01 [10/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2004)	6.20 [8/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2014)	5.26 [9/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2004)	5.41 [6/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that governments respect democratic rights whatever the circumstances (2014)	5.90 [20/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people convicted of serious crimes lose their citizen rights (2014)	5.22 [9/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that long-term residents of a country, who are not citizens, have the right to vote in that country�fs national elections (2014)	4.59 [6/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens have the right not to vote (2014)	3.92 [24/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that health care be provided for everyone (2014)	6.10 [24/26 countries]

Politician> [14]

	Republic of Korea
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	300 [13/38 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	168,647 [5/38 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	19.06% [35/38 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	3.70% [38/38 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	27.8% [26/38 countries]
Average age of cabinet members (2018)	61.84 [2/35 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2014)	20.2% [17/26 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2010)	25.6% [13/29 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2004)	22.8% [20/29 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for what they can get out of it personally (2010)	73.0% [8/29 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2016)	72.0% [5/25 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2006)	71.0% [3/23 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2014)	65.0% [9/26 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2004)	69.7% [7/29 countries]

Political party and organization> [9]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2014)	15.3% [25/26 countries]
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2004)	21.7% [21/29 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2014)	42.4% [17/26 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2004)	55.6% [10/29 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2014)	5.0% [20/26 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2004)	3.5% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that people who vote for the party/the parties in government have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	18.4% [3/25 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2014)	4.27 [8/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2004)	4.52 [5/29 countries]

Parliament> [6]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2018)	35.0% [20/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2008)	30.1% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2016)	10.9% [19/25 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2006)	14.6% [14/23 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2014)	24.2% [4/26 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2004)	34.9% [2/27 countries]

Political awareness> [44]

	Republic of Korea
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2016)	2.59 [20/24 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2006)	2.47 [23/25 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2014)	48.1% [18/26 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2007)	36.2% [13/21 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2004)	55.5% [10/27 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is left (2014)	4.6% [25/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is center (2014)	64.6% [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is right (2014)	12.9% [20/26 countries]
Average of political position (2014)	5.41 [7/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	54.2% [11/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2004)	65.4% [4/29 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2014)	36.2% [5/18 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2014)	29.0% [7/18 countries]
% of those who use the media to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	75.0% [11/26 countries]
% of those who never use the media to obtain political news or information (2014)	3.1% [19/26 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2014)	58.0% [5/18 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2014)	6.6% [13/18 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2014)	11.9% [18/18 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2014)	63.7% [2/18 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	43.9% [1/17 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2014)	26.6% [16/17 countries]
% of those who have expressed political views on the internet (2014)	5.5% [23/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2014)	31.3% [13/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2004)	39.8% [11/29 countries]
% of young people (-29) who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	0.5% [7/26 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2014)	34.2% [7/26 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2006)	56.6% [4/25 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2004)	49.7% [3/29 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2016)	35.5% [19/25 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2014)	33.8% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2006)	33.2% [17/23 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2004)	35.2% [22/27 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2016)	30.9% [23/25 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2014)	53.3% [10/26 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2006)	38.7% [21/23 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2004)	60.7% [12/27 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (2006)	51.3% [1/25 countries]
% of those who think that citizens in general has the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	9.5% [4/25 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2014)	59.3% [10/26 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2004)	64.8% [12/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2014)	5.51 [12/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2004)	5.52 [13/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2014)	5.57 [15/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2004)	5.63 [19/29 countries]

Political action> [24]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2014)	27.3% [21/26 countries]
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2004)	43.7% [6/29 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2014)	7.5% [22/26 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2004)	10.4% [24/29 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2014)	27.9% [18/26 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2004)	27.1% [24/29 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2014)	40.1% [19/26 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2004)	49.1% [18/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2014)	5.02 [5/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2004)	5.15 [3/29 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2014)	9.1% [25/26 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2004)	11.9% [27/29 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2016)	80.3% [20/25 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2006)	87.5% [13/23 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2014)	13.9% [21/26 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2004)	18.6% [21/29 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2016)	63.2% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2006)	63.3% [22/23 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2016)	49.1% [19/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2006)	44.4% [18/23 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	11.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2004)	9.3% [19/27 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2016)	58.5% [18/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2006)	63.2% [14/23 countries]

Public officials> [13]

	Republic of Korea
Employment in general government as % of total employment	8.13% (2019) [32/33 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	9.07% [36/36 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2016)	21.5% [17/25 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2006)	20.4% [17/23 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2014)	47.9% [19/25 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2004)	39.1% [24/29 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	77.4 [25/38 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2014)	22.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2006)	25.0% [13/23 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2004)	20.4% [18/27 countries]
% of those who think that many public officials are involved in corruption (2016)	45.7% [10/25 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2016)	84.7% [15/25 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2006)	79.7% [20/26 countries]

Public finance> [5]

	Republic of Korea
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	27.6% [35/38 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.03% [16/38 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	54% [24/38 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2016)	51.3% [17/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2006)	55.2% [18/23 countries]

Tax> [18]

	Republic of Korea
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	26% [35/38 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	10.0% [31/35 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	27.50% [11/38 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	9.1% [24/38 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	7.3% [24/38 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	3.1% [6/38 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	7.0% [33/38 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2016)	7.5% [25/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	10.8% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2006)	8.3% [23/23 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2016)	74.9% [1/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	74.5% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2006)	81.1% [1/23 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2009)	93.6% [1/30 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2014)	6.20 [9/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2004)	6.25 [5/29 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often make sure people pay their taxes (2016)	54.0% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often treat everyone in accordance with the law, regardless of their contacts or position in society (2016)	27.2% [24/25 countries]

Social security> [30]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2013)	42.3% [16/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2003)	17.3% [24/27 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2016)	55.1% [19/25 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2006)	77.5% [8/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2016)	84.0% [24/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2006)	90.0% [22/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2016)	33.6% [7/15 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2006)	19.6% [18/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	51.9% [22/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	5.8% [12/25 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	24.0% [4/25 countries]
% of those who think "government agencies should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	54.1% [6/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	70.0% [9/31 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	100 [1/32 countries]
% of those who think that 1-6 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	52.2% [5/31 countries]
% of those who think that 7-12 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	29.1% [18/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	8.9% [18/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	4.3% [14/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government should pay for parental leave (2012)	29.0% [23/31 countries]
% of those who think that the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	13.5% [5/31 countries]
% of those who think that both the government and the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	57.4% [11/31 countries]
% of those who think the employers should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	5.8% [5/31 countries]
% of those who think the family itself should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	38.3% [27/31 countries]
% of those who think the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	55.9% [10/31 countries]
% of those who think government agencies should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	27.8% [14/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government should spend less on benefits for the poor (2009)	9.9% [18/30 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2016)	75.2% [18/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2006)	70.8% [21/23 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2014)	5.22 [20/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2004)	5.40 [20/29 countries]

Law and Justice> [7]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2016)	59.5% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2006)	69.6% [19/23 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2016)	49.9% [15/25 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2006)	58.7% [9/23 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2014)	6.14 [14/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2004)	6.19 [16/29 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2018)	70.9% [13/24 countries]

Population> [13]

	Republic of Korea
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	5,174.5 [9/38 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	-0.2% [30/38 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	9.2% [24/38 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	12.3% [37/38 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	71.2% [1/38 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	16.6% [28/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	83.4 [2/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	86.5 [2/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	80.5 [8/38 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	530.6 [1/38 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	50.5 [4/31 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2010)	41.8% [27/29 countries]
% of those who think that younger people should be medically prioritized over older people (2011)	54.3% [3/25 countries]

Marriage and sex> [14]

	Republic of Korea
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	4.2 (2020) [15/37 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	2.1 (2020) [10/37 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.50 [16/37 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	92.1% (2015) [4/36 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	96.3% (2015) [2/36 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (2012)	56.8% [1/24 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2012)	80.3% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (2012)	22.2% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (2012)	31.0% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2018)	70.9% [5/23 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2008)	73.3% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (2008)	27.6% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2018)	51.9% [4/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2008)	71.9% [2/30 countries]

Birth> [11]

	Republic of Korea
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	0.84 [38/38 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	5.3 [38/38 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	33.1 [1/38 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (2012)	51.1% [5/25 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	11 [9/38 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	2.6 [27/38 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	3 [24/38 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	1.2 [38/38 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	2.2% [37/37 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (2008)	20.5% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2018)	41.7% [8/24 countries]

Parent-child relations> [20]

	Republic of Korea
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (2010)	38.4% [2/5 countries]
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (2005)	42.5% [2/4 countries]
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (2000)	51.5% [2/5 countries]
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (1995)	76.6% [1/4 countries]
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (1990)	79.7% [1/4 countries]
% of elderly who live with their child(ren) (1980)	111.3% [1/3 countries]
% of elderly who contact their child(ren) not living together more than once a week (2010)	61.8% [4/5 countries]
% of elderly who contact their child(ren) not living together more than once a week (2005)	66.9% [2/4 countries]
% of elderly who contact their child(ren) not living together more than once a week (2000)	45.5% [5/5 countries]
% of elderly who contact their child(ren) not living together more than once a week (1995)	26.7% [4/4 countries]
% of elderly who contact their child(ren) not living together more than once a week (1990)	22.9% [4/4 countries]
% of those who think that adult children are an important source of help for elderly parents (2012)	60.5% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (2012)	53.6% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (2012)	37.7% [20/23 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2012)	85.8% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that children are a financial burden (2012)	53.1% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that those with young children should be medically prioritized over those not (2011)	65.1% [1/25 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex female couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	18.8% [19/23 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex male couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	12.5% [19/23 countries]
% of those who think that having children increases people's social standing in society (2012)	37.9% [15/30 countries]

Family> [3]

	Republic of Korea
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	1.30% [34/37 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2012)	4.89 [30/31 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with the relationships with family members (7 steps) (2018)	5.48 [21/24 countries]

Domestic problems> [2]

	Republic of Korea
Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 (%) (2020)	2.2% [10/16 countries]
Prevalence of overweight in children under 5 (%) (2020)	8.8% [5/17 countries]

Migration> [33]

	Republic of Korea
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	3.4% [35/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	3,196 [25/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	0.6 [36/38 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2008)	84.2% [10/30 countries]
% of those who experience international migration (2008)	2.9% [29/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2013)	17.1% [4/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2003)	25.5% [3/27 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2013)	30.2% [24/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2003)	36.1% [25/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2013)	52.7% [10/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2003)	33.0% [24/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2013)	50.7% [6/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2003)	53.9% [5/27 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2013)	26.9% [20/26 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2003)	23.6% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2013)	29.4% [20/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2003)	28.6% [22/27 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2013)	47.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2003)	55.6% [11/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2013)	64.8% [3/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2003)	62.4% [5/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants should give up original culture and adopt their culture (2013)	7.6% [17/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2013)	49.5% [3/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2003)	47.5% [9/27 countries]
% of those who agree that their country's culture is generally undermined by immigrants (2013)	17.0% [24/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2013)	53.2% [9/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2003)	58.3% [6/27 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2013)	43.0% [9/26 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2003)	68.8% [3/27 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2013)	63.5% [21/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2003)	62.1% [26/27 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants should have equal access to public education (2013)	77.8% [13/26 countries]
% of those who think that people prejudiced against any racial or ethnic group should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	15.9% [15/26 countries]

National economy> [11]

	Republic of Korea
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	1,798.544 [8/38 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	34,801 [22/38 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	48,578 [18/38 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	34,980 [21/37 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	45.8 [28/35 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	19.8% [9/38 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	4,633 [4/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2016)	77.6% [16/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2006)	88.5% [9/23 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2013)	72.9% [6/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2003)	45.4% [18/27 countries]

Saving and investment> [2]

	Republic of Korea
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	411 [12/36 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	43.4% (2020) [10/36 countries]

Price and interest> [24]

	Republic of Korea
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [21/38 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	160 [1/38 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	146 [6/38 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	244 [1/38 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	94 [28/38 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	212 [1/38 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	176 [2/38 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	160 [2/38 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	143 [8/38 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	72 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	152 [2/38 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	63 [27/38 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	66 [25/38 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	94 [25/38 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	68 [28/38 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [20/38 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	105 [14/38 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	115 [13/38 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	71 [22/38 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	76 [23/38 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	2.06% [5/36 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2016)	93.1% [2/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2006)	96.7% [1/23 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	50.9% [2/29 countries]

Income inequality> [11]

	Republic of Korea
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.345 [27/35 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	16.7% [5/35 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	49.7% [25/30 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	71.4% [14/31 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	13.2% [27/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2012)	19.0% [11/31 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	90.2% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	87.5% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2010)	69.0% [13/29 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2009)	75.1% [14/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2016)	79.1% [14/25 countries]

Social inequality> [9]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	19.1% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	35.0% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	25.8% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	15.1% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	5.0% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	0.6% [23/29 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	5.0% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	9.0% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	64.0% [2/30 countries]

Social position> [22]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	2.4% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	71.8% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	43.3% [12/28 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	27.5% [2/27 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	25.8% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	5.9% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	56.0% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	38.1% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	37.7% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	29.3% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	84.7% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	45.9% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	40.7% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	57.7% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	70.8% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	86.3% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	78.1% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	26.0% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	6.9% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	8.2% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	11.7% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	10.0% [16/30 countries]

Manufacturing> [3]

	Republic of Korea
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	25.5% (2021) [2/38 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	72.8% (2018) [5/34 countries]
% of employment of large companies (250 and more employees) in manufacturing	27.2% (2018) [30/34 countries]

Services> [2]

	Republic of Korea
Tourism, % of GDP	2.5% (2019) [12/13 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	96.3% (2018) [1/32 countries]

Financial sector> [0]

Companies> [8]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2018)	62.9% [17/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2008)	70.9% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2010)	47.2% [9/29 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies comply with laws and regulations (2016)	26.3% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies try to avoid paying their taxes (2016)	61.7% [7/25 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2013)	43.2% [19/26 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2003)	45.3% [26/27 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2014)	26.4% [16/26 countries]

Starting business> [1]

	Republic of Korea
Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) (2019)	14.6% [2/38 countries]

Industrial policy> [6]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that business, banks and industry have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	13.0% [25/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2016)	48.7% [11/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2006)	68.9% [2/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2016)	81.0% [13/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2006)	90.9% [6/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2016)	65.8% [8/25 countries]

Employment> [16]

	Republic of Korea
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	78.0% [29/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	59.9% [31/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	92.6% [24/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	61.3% [36/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	77.3% [8/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	55.5% [23/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	5.1% [12/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	5.1% [12/38 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	24.6% [14/38 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	70.3% [23/38 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2005)	54.6% [24/24 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2005)	34.7% [19/24 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2016)	59.6% [15/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2006)	70.1% [11/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2016)	85.2% [9/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2006)	92.8% [6/23 countries]

Female employment> [30]

	Republic of Korea
Gender wage gap (comparison of median)	31.5% (2020) [1/27 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for promoting equality between men and women (2016)	57.0% [25/25 countries]
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	57.0% (2019) [32/34 countries]
Share of female managers	16.3% (2021) [33/34 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	8.7% [37/37 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2018)	26.4% [5/24 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2012)	38.5% [7/24 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2008)	38.1% [5/30 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (2012)	20.8% [22/24 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (2012)	69.5% [19/24 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (2012)	77.9% [1/24 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (2012)	43.6% [7/24 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (2012)	65.2% [16/24 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (2012)	16.1% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that the mother and the father should each take half of paid parental leave (2012)	30.8% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take most of the paid leave period and the father should take some of it. (2012)	46.7% [10/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take the entire paid parental leave (2012)	22.1% [17/31 countries]
% of those who think that no paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	5.5% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2012)	9.7% [22/31 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	9.3% [18/31 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work part-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	4.8% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2012)	45.3% [5/31 countries]
% of those who think that mother should stay at home and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	42.2% [11/31 countries]
% of those who think that mother should work part-time and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	42.8% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that both mother and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	33.0% [19/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that father stay at home and mother work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	52.5% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that mother stay at home and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	3.1% [26/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2012)	32.2% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2012)	14.2% [5/31 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	66.3% [4/31 countries]

Self-employment> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that employees have more job security than the self-employed (2005)	68.2% [2/24 countries]
% of those who think that being an employee interferes more with family life than self-employment (2005)	21.3% [16/24 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (2005)	34.5% [23/24 countries]

Non-regular employment> [5]

	Republic of Korea
Part-time employment - male	10.7% (2021) [14/37 countries]
Part-time employment - female	23.2% (2021) [18/37 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	25.3% (2021) [4/36 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	32.0% (2021) [1/36 countries]
Temporary employment - 15-24 years as % of dependent employment	34.9% (2021) [17/36 countries]

Side business> [0]

Recruitment and job change> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (2005)	18.6% [17/24 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (2005)	37.8% [5/24 countries]

Work preference> [16]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (2005)	96.7% [6/24 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (2005)	92.6% [5/24 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (2005)	91.1% [4/24 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (2005)	91.1% [19/24 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (2005)	70.8% [20/24 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (2005)	83.1% [8/24 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (2005)	85.8% [6/24 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (2005)	68.1% [8/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (2005)	40.2% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (2005)	15.7% [22/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (2005)	24.7% [13/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (2005)	42.6% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (2005)	58.2% [21/24 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (2005)	58.5% [21/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (2005)	48.9% [24/24 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives a chance to improve their skills (2005)	41.1% [22/22 countries]

Unemployment> [14]

	Republic of Korea
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	3.6% [34/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	3.6% [35/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	3.7% [34/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	8.5% [33/38 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	1.2% (2021) [37/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	1.5% (2021) [37/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	0.9% (2021) [37/37 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (2005)	25.1% [8/24 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2016)	65.7% [16/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2009)	81.0% [7/30 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2006)	70.2% [12/23 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (2016)	44.1% [7/25 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (2006)	44.1% [8/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the policy against unemployment (2006)	5.6% [25/25 countries]

Labor policy> [1]

	Republic of Korea
Public expenditure for active labor policy, % of GDP	0.38% (2019) [15/32 countries]

Working time> [22]

	Republic of Korea
Average annual hours actually worked per worker	1,915 (2021) [5/38 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men and women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	344.5 (2014) [3/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	419.0 (2014) [3/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	269.4 (2014) [5/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men and women, minutes per day per person)	56.9 (2014) [1/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men, minutes per day per person)	72.4 (2014) [1/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (women, minutes per day per person)	41.3 (2014) [1/30 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2016)	57.3% [5/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2006)	59.0% [3/23 countries]
% of those willing to accept longer commuting to avoid unemployment (2005)	46.3% [15/24 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (2005)	39.0% [5/22 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (2005)	46.9% [22/24 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (2005)	14.1% [5/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (2007)	52.6% [1/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (2005)	53.0% [2/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (2007)	15.1% [24/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (2005)	13.8% [23/24 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2005)	61.5% [4/22 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves how to organize work (2005)	75.9% [11/22 countries]
% of those who enjoy 5 or less days of leave (2007)	62.6% [6/24 countries]
% of those who enjoy more than 20 days of leave (2007)	7.1% [22/24 countries]
% of those who can take an hour or two off during working hours (2005)	61.8% [15/24 countries]

Wages> [10]

	Republic of Korea
Minimum relative to average (mean) wages of full-time workers (2020)	49.6% [3/30 countries]
Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers (2020)	62.5% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (2009)	51.1% [21/30 countries]
% of those willing to accept lower pay to avoid unemployment (2005)	46.4% [8/24 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	70.2% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (2009)	54.6% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (2009)	44.6% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (2009)	49.1% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	81.7% [17/29 countries]
% of those who think how hard he or she works at the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	79.4% [14/30 countries]

Work motivation> [11]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who often arrive at work too tired to function well because of the household work (2012)	5.3% [7/31 countries]
% of those who often find it difficult to concentrate at work because of family responsibilities (2012)	3.5% [9/31 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2012)	4.80 [29/31 countries]
% of those satisfied with job (5 choices) (Ž¿–â�F‘S‘Ì“I‚É‚Ý‚Ä�A‚ ‚È‚½‚ÍŒ»�Ý‚ÌŽdŽ–‚É‚Ç‚Ì’ö“x–ž‘«‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·‚©�B ‘I‘ðŽˆ�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v�u‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Å‚à‚È‚¢�v�u•s–ž�v�u”ñ�í‚É•s–ž�v ƒf�[ƒ^�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v‚ÌŠ„�‡)	37.5% [26/12 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (2005)	44.6% [2/24 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (2005)	43.1% [4/24 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (2005)	67.3% [7/24 countries]
% of those who would work hard to complete their daily tasks, even if they are slightly sick or when there is another legitimate reason for taking a break (2009)	85.7% [7/12 countries]
% of those who would perform to the best of their ability even on a task that they do not like (2009)	80.6% [11/12 countries]
% of those who would work hard to maintain their performance on a task, even if the task takes a long time to start producing any results (2009)	84.2% [9/12 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (2005)	2.5% [21/24 countries]

Skills> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (2005)	54.2% [20/24 countries]
% of those who have got training to improve job skills over the past 12 months (2005)	39.4% [15/24 countries]

Workplace> [5]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (2005)	79.0% [21/22 countries]
% of those who often share work-related information with co-workers (2011-2017)	43.1% [26/28 countries]
% of those who often learn new work-related things from co-workers or supervisors (2011-2017)	16.5% [26/28 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (2005)	67.9% [5/24 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (2005)	52.1% [21/24 countries]

Industrial relations> [8]

	Republic of Korea
Trade union participation (% of total employment)	11.6% (2018) [28/38 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2014)	7.4% [22/26 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2004)	6.9% [28/29 countries]
Strikes (the total number of working days lost because of strikes per 1000 employees) (2000-2004)	101 [5/25 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	5.0% [15/25 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions are very important for the job security of employees (2005)	71.1% [4/22 countries]
% of those who think that the working conditions of employees would be much worse without trade unions (2005)	68.8% [6/22 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between management and workers (2009)	92.4% [1/30 countries]

Work accident> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (2005)	34.9% [1/24 countries]
% of those who always/ often work in dangerous conditions (2005)	16.1% [5/24 countries]

Housework> [45]

	Republic of Korea
Time spent for routine housework (men and women, minutes per day per person)	76.2 (2014) [30/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (men, minutes per day per person)	22.5 (2014) [29/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (women, minutes per day per person)	130.3 (2014) [26/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	13.3 (2014) [30/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men, minutes per day per person)	6.8 (2014) [30/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (women, minutes per day per person)	19.8 (2014) [26/30 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (2007)	17.0% [12/22 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (2005)	14.5% [20/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (2007)	27.5% [15/24 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (2005)	31.3% [8/24 countries]
% of men who think that they do less than their fair share of the household work (2012)	34.9% [26/31 countries]
% of women who think that they do more than their fair share of the household work (2012)	36.6% [30/31 countries]
% of women who say that they prepare meals (2012)	88.5% [2/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners prepare meals (2012)	8.4% [29/31 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (2012)	86.3% [11/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (2012)	8.5% [24/31 countries]
% of women who say that they clean the house (2012)	75.1% [9/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners clean the house (2012)	19.3% [27/31 countries]
% of men who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	17.3% [3/31 countries]
% of women who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	46.5% [4/31 countries]
% of those who says that both partners decide how to raise children together (2012)	32.4% [30/30 countries]
% of those who think private childcare providers should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	11.5% [12/31 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	57.1% [12/31 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	37.0% [25/31 countries]
% of those who think private providers should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	4.1% [19/31 countries]
% of those who think that the elderly people themselves or their family should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	30.0% [23/31 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	66.3% [4/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	31.5% [27/31 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	48.0% [2/31 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	25.8% [4/31 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (2012)	14.7% [30/31 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (2012)	2.7% [30/31 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (2012)	6.6% [25/31 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	68.3% [2/31 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	8.2% [29/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (2012)	27.3% [29/31 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (2012)	71.4% [30/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (2012)	8.0% [25/31 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	26.1% [2/31 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	27.6% [1/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2012)	20.8% [30/31 countries]
% of those who often come home from work too tired to do the chores (2012)	24.8% [9/31 countries]
% of those who often work too long to fulfil family responsibilities (2012)	15.7% [9/31 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that job interfere with family life (2005)	8.0% [24/24 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that family life interfere with job (2005)	3.1% [19/24 countries]

Voluntary activities> [5]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who take part in voluntary work once a month or more (2011-2017)	11.8% [19/28 countries]
% of those who never take part in voluntary work (2011-2017)	73.4% [10/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men and women, minutes per day per person)	0.8 (2014) [23/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men, minutes per day per person)	0.4 (2014) [23/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (women, minutes per day per person)	1.1 (2014) [20/28 countries]

Education in general> [25]

	Republic of Korea
% of general government expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	39.7% [32/36 countries]
% of household expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	41.4% [7/34 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2016)	56.9% [20/25 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2006)	71.1% [14/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	82.9% [23/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	3.3% [6/25 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	33.1% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think it is fair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	31.7% [5/25 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	41.4% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think it is unfair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	37.0% [25/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2018)	82.9% [14/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2011)	67.0% [23/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2008)	76.4% [26/30 countries]
Literacy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	273 [12/31 countries]
Numeracy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	273 [12/31 countries]
Proficiency of problem solving in technology-rich environments proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	283 [9/28 countries]
% of those who like learning new things (2011-2017)	36.7% [28/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new ideas to real life (2011-2017)	28.1% [27/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new things to existing knowledge (2011-2017)	31.4% [27/28 countries]
% of those who like to solve difficult problems (2011-2017)	20.3% [27/28 countries]
% of those who like to fit different ideas together (2011-2017)	21.0% [27/28 countries]
% of those who look for additional information to understand things (2011-2017)	40.5% [28/28 countries]
Time in school or classes (men and women, minutes per day per person)	37.2 (2014) [1/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (men, minutes per day per person)	39.0 (2014) [1/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (women, minutes per day per person)	35.3 (2014) [1/29 countries]

Pre-primary education> [2]

	Republic of Korea
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 0 to 2 year old	56.3% (2017) [4/37 countries]
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 3 to 5 year old	94.6% (2017) [10/37 countries]

Pre-primary education at home> [18]

	Republic of Korea
% of the parents who often read books to their child before they began primary school (2019)	52.9% [17/24 countries]
% of the parents who often told stories to their child before they began primary school (2019)	83.0% [1/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	48.1% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with alphabet toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	40.4% [13/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	50.3% [22/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about what they had read to their child before they began primary school (2019)	30.1% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played word games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	47.6% [3/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote letters or words to their child before they began primary school (2019)	54.8% [5/24 countries]
% of the parents who often read aloud signs and labels to their child before they began primary school (2019)	57.3% [4/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang counting songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	45.2% [7/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with number toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	46.7% [9/24 countries]
% of the parents who often counted different things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	61.7% [17/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played games involving shapes with their child before they began primary school (2019)	53.9% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with building blocks or construction toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	72.7% [9/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played board or card games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	36.9% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote numbers to their child before they began primary school (2019)	56.7% [4/24 countries]
% of the parents who often drew shapes to their child before they began primary school (2019)	60.1% [1/24 countries]
% of the parents who often measured or weighed things with their child before they began primary school (2019)	12.1% [16/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on letters> [7]

	Republic of Korea
% of the children who could recognize most of the letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	58.0% [8/24 countries]
% of the children who could read some words very well when they began primary school (2019)	65.8% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could read sentences very well when they began primary school (2019)	58.1% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could read a story very well when they began primary school (2019)	54.7% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could write letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	56.0% [2/24 countries]
% of the children who could write his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	78.3% [2/24 countries]
% of the children who could write words other than his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	62.3% [1/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [5]

	Republic of Korea
% of the children who could count by himself/ herself up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	65.6% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could recognize written numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	67.7% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could write numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	63.4% [1/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple addition up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	93.4% [2/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple subtraction up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	89.2% [1/24 countries]

Primary school> [7]

	Republic of Korea
Average class size in primary education (public and private)	23.1 (2018) [8/31 countries]
Average class size in primary education (public) (2018)	23.0 [9/34 countries]
Average class size in primary education (private)	27.0 (2018) [3/31 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public and private) (2018)	16.5 [11/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public) (2018)	16.4 [10/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (private) (2018)	24.2 [1/36 countries]
Annual number of hours of compulsory instruction in primary education (2019)	655 [31/35 countries]

Primary school students - home> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 4 students who have their own room (2019)	61.4% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	95.0% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	87.3% [10/28 countries]

Primary school students - school life> [28]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 4 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	1.4% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	35.7% [19/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	33.7% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	33.9% [21/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2011)	32.3% [25/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	39.0% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2011)	28.0% [26/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	50.3% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2011)	39.5% [25/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	53.2% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	45.3% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2019)	49.7% [14/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2011)	65.6% [6/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2019)	30.8% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2011)	42.1% [21/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	24.3% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2011)	43.3% [19/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	9.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2011)	31.0% [10/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	12.9% [25/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2019)	33.9% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2011)	33.8% [23/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2019)	17.3% [25/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2011)	20.5% [16/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	9.7% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	5.3% [23/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	2.6% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	11.3% [27/28 countries]

Primary school students - mathematics> [35]

	Republic of Korea
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2019)	600 [1/28 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2015)	608 [1/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2011)	605 [1/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (1995)	581 [1/13 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	63.7% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	27.6% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	8.4% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	9.1% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	29.8% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	27.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	20.6% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	22.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	13.9% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	23.7% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	11.7% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	46.8% [25/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	40.8% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	56.8% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	49.4% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	56.7% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students don�ft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	16.6% [20/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	17.5% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	7.8% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost everymathematics lesson (2019)	15.0% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	12.2% [25/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	26.0% [10/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	21.1% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	3.7% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at mathematics (2019)	8.5% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	25.6% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	10.5% [14/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	14.1% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	9.0% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	11.2% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	11.2% [15/28 countries]

Primary school students - science> [27]

	Republic of Korea
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2019)	588 [1/28 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2015)	589 [1/24 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2011)	587 [1/24 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (1995)	576 [1/13 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	71.7% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	40.6% [23/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	4.3% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	4.3% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	45.8% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	39.1% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	39.7% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to learning science (2019)	31.0% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	39.7% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	37.3% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	12.2% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	46.2% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	41.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	53.7% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	46.6% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	48.7% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	20.6% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	2.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at science (2019)	5.2% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	23.8% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	8.8% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	3.2% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	4.3% [26/28 countries]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	71.2% [1/23 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	29.1% [1/23 countries]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [8]

	Republic of Korea
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school does a good job including them in their child�fs education (2019)	15.9% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school provides a safe environment (2019)	30.2% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school cares about their child's progress in school (2019)	22.0% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job informing them of his/her progress (2019)	20.3% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school promotes high academic standards (2019)	9.2% [23/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in reading (2019)	19.2% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in mathematics (2019)	16.1% [22/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in science (2019)	14.4% [22/23 countries]

Primary school - future educational plan> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	92.5% [1/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish postgraduate degree (2019)	25.7% [19/23 countries]

Lower secondary school> [6]

	Republic of Korea
Average class size in lower secondary education (public and private)	26.7 (2018) [7/32 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (public)	26.9 (2018) [7/33 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (private)	25.8 (2018) [5/32 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public and private) (2018)	13.5 [10/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public) (2018)	13.3 [11/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (private) (2018)	14.3 [9/32 countries]

Lower secondary school students - home> [5]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 8 students who have their own room (2019)	81.6% [13/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have their own room (2011)	71.4% [13/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	98.7% [7/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have internet connection at home (2011)	96.8% [6/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	98.1% [6/18 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [6]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access the textbook or other course materials (2019)	57.6% [10/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access assignments posted online by their teacher (2019)	48.9% [14/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to collaborate with classmates on assignments or projects (2019)	78.7% [8/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to communicate with the teacher (2019)	28.9% [14/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to find information, articles, or tutorials to aid in understanding mathematics or science (2019)	63.4% [13/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access learning games or activities related to mathematics or science (2019)	37.0% [10/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [29]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 8 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	0.3% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	60.5% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	50.5% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	22.3% [10/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2011)	77.8% [9/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2007)	14.8% [12/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	22.5% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2011)	63.8% [16/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	34.4% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2011)	80.1% [13/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	28.8% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	18.1% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students said mean things about their physical appearance (2019)	41.6% [12/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	26.5% [17/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2011)	37.2% [14/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared their secrets with others (2019)	29.8% [14/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students refused to talk to them (2019)	11.2% [17/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students insulted a member of their family (2019)	17.5% [14/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	10.1% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students stole something from them (2011)	48.3% [1/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2011)	19.7% [5/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	12.8% [12/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	5.8% [12/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	7.0% [14/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	6.2% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students physically hurt them (2019)	9.3% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students physically hurt them (2011)	20.7% [13/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students excluded them from their group (2019)	7.5% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	5.8% [16/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [48]

	Republic of Korea
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2019)	607 [1/18 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2015)	606 [1/16 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2011)	613 [1/15 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2007)	597 [1/11 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2003)	589 [1/13 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (1999)	587 [1/9 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (1995)	581 [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	60.9% [6/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	13.8% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	22.4% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	14.9% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	13.3% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	12.4% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	9.4% [14/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	11.3% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	5.0% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	12.4% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	9.6% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	19.0% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	23.1% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	26.5% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	22.0% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher links new lessons to what they already know in mathematics lessons (2019)	20.5% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	27.8% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students don�ft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	14.2% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	13.7% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	11.2% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	10.5% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	10.1% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	17.4% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	14.8% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	7.7% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is not one of their strengths (2019)	12.8% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	13.7% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	13.6% [6/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	9.0% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	9.8% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	16.3% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	17.0% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will help them in their daily life (2019)	14.3% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need mathematics to learn other school subjects (2019)	17.1% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get into the university of their choice (2019)	35.1% [14/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get the job they want (2019)	29.9% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they would like a job that involves using mathematics (2019)	7.0% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to learn about mathematics to get ahead in the world (2019)	16.6% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will give them more job opportunities when they are adults (2019)	27.5% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their parents think that it is important that they do well in mathematics (2019)	28.7% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to do well in mathematics (2019)	30.9% [18/18 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [43]

	Republic of Korea
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2019)	561 [2/18 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2015)	556 [2/16 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2011)	560 [1/15 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2007)	553 [2/11 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2003)	558 [1/13 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (1999)	549 [3/9 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (1995)	546 [3/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	6.0% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	14.8% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	15.6% [3/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	12.7% [6/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	21.9% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	14.9% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they look forward to science lessons (2019)	9.6% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	21.1% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like to conduct science experiments (2019)	25.1% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	14.9% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	10.8% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	16.9% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	21.4% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	24.6% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	19.9% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher links new lessons to what they already know in science lessons (2019)	19.7% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	26.7% [12/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	11.9% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	7.6% [10/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is not one of their strengths (2019)	15.0% [7/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	10.9% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult science problems (2019)	8.3% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	8.0% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	13.1% [3/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	15.9% [3/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning science will help them in their daily life (2019)	23.1% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need science to learn other school subjects (2019)	17.1% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in science to get into the university of their choice (2019)	24.5% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in science to get the job they want (2019)	23.2% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they would like a job that involves using science (2019)	12.3% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to learn about science to get ahead in the world (2019)	26.8% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning science will give them more job opportunities when they are adults (2019)	25.7% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their parents think that it is important that they do well in science (2019)	16.7% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to do well in science (2019)	24.5% [17/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students whose teacher gives them homework in mathematics every day (2019)	4.8% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students whose teacher gives them homework in science every day (2019)	2.3% [11/12 countries]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 8 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	77.9% [1/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	34.0% [3/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [2]

	Republic of Korea
% of Grade 8 students who expect them to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	71.9% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who expect them to finish postgraduate degree (2019)	9.6% [17/18 countries]

Lower secondary education teachers> [44]

	Republic of Korea
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	33.98 [27/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2013)	37.05 [13/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	18.07 [27/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2013)	18.76 [14/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	6.34 [20/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2013)	7.74 [6/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	2.52 [17/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2013)	3.19 [8/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	2.95 [28/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2013)	3.87 [21/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	3.71 [2/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2013)	4.13 [1/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	1.68 [9/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2013)	2.24 [4/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	5.45 [2/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2013)	5.97 [1/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	2.56 [4/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.62 [7/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2013)	2.12 [2/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	1.98 [7/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2013)	2.67 [4/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	1.82 [15/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachears who think that the teaching profession is valued in society (2013)	66.53% [1/24 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	80.53% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	81.52% [17/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	94.21% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	86.29% [16/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	38.13% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	44.81% [27/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	59.23% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	50.78% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	79.31% [13/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	81.71% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	74.83% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	69.19% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	82.12% [10/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	65.77% [21/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	31.38% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	29.65% [28/30 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	35.13% [2/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	74.11% [31/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	65.89% [30/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	81.46% [30/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with the present job all in all (2018)	89.12% [23/31 countries]

High school students - Performance> [10]

	Republic of Korea
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2018)	514.05 [5/37 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2015)	517 [5/38 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2000)	525 [6/30 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2018)	525.93 [2/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2015)	524 [2/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2000)	547 [2/30 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2018)	519.01 [4/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2015)	516 [5/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2000)	552 [1/30 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have ever repeated a grade (2009)	0.0% [35/37 countries]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-old students who have a computer they can use for school work in their home (2018)	90.1% [25/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have classic literature in their home (2018)	74.3% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have books of poetry in their home (2018)	61.6% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have works of art (e.g. paintings) in their home (2018)	57.2% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have musical instruments (e.g. guitar, piano) in their home (2018)	21.4% [37/38 countries]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [53]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2018)	6.6% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2009)	10.1% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2018)	7.9% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2009)	22.8% [32/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2018)	7.9% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2009)	12.2% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2018)	5.4% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2009)	9.7% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2018)	6.4% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2009)	12.6% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows an interest in every student's learning in their language lessons (2018)	79.2% [6/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher gives extra help when students need it in their language lessons (2018)	79.3% [10/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students with their learning in their language lessons (2018)	86.6% [3/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher continues teaching until the students understands in their language lessons (2018)	75.0% [11/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher sets clear goals for our learning in their language lessons (2018)	82.0% [3/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher asks questions to check whether they have understood what was taught in their language lessons (2018)	80.1% [6/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher presents a short summary of the previous lesson in their language lessons (2018)	71.6% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher tells us what we have to learn in their language lessons (2018)	87.2% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher make them feel confident in their ability in their language lessons (2018)	74.4% [12/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher listen to their view in their language lessons (2018)	76.4% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who felt that their teacher understand them in their language lessons (2018)	76.2% [2/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher adapts the lesson to their class's needs and knowledge in their language lessons (2018)	74.9% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher provides individual help when a student has difficulties understanding a topic or task in their language lessons (2018)	67.5% [2/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher changes the structure of the lesson on a topic that most students find difficult to understand in their language lessons (2018)	60.6% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher gives them feedback on their strengths in their language lessons (2018)	44.0% [6/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them in which areas they can still improve in their language lessons (2018)	50.0% [7/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them how they can improve their performance in their language lessons (2018)	53.2% [5/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear to them that their teacher liked teaching them in their language lessons (2018)	88.3% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the enthusiasm of the teacher inspired them in their language lessons (2018)	81.9% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear that the teacher likes to deal with the topic of the lesson in their language lessons (2018)	88.2% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the teacher showed enjoyment in teaching in their language lessons (2018)	87.6% [1/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include diagrams or maps for school (2018)	13.6% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read fiction (e.g., novels, short stories) for school (2018)	19.2% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include tables or graphs for school (2018)	17.3% [32/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read digital texts including links for school (2018)	20.3% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2018)	63.5% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2009)	25.8% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2018)	61.9% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2009)	32.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2018)	64.8% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2009)	33.0% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2018)	67.0% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2009)	36.2% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have read a text of more than 100 pages in their language lessons (2018)	8.8% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a summary of the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	53.7% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to list and write a short description of the main characters in their language lessons (2018)	56.7% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to discuss in small groups with other students who read the same book or chapter in their language lessons (2018)	51.9% [17/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to give their personal thoughts about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	64.6% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to answer questions about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	74.1% [30/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the content of the book or the chapter with their own experience in their language lessons (2018)	56.3% [2/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the book with other books or texts on a similar topic in their language lessons (2018)	44.0% [22/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to select a passage they liked or disliked and explain why in their language lessons (2018)	31.6% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a text related to what they have read in their language lessons (2018)	60.6% [13/38 countries]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use keywords when using a search engine (2018)	49.4% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to decide whether to trust information from the Internet (2018)	54.6% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to compare different web pages and decide what information is more relevant (2018)	50.9% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school to understand the consequences of making information publicly available online (2018)	45.9% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use the short description below the links in the list of results of a search (2018)	42.3% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect whether the information is subjective or biased (2018)	48.8% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect phishing or spam emails (2018)	34.5% [27/38 countries]

High school students - Reading> [23]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15 year old students who read only if they have to (2018)	53.7% [12/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is one of their favourite hobbies (2018)	41.9% [5/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who like talking about books with other people (2018)	44.9% [4/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is a waste of time (2018)	15.5% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who I read only to get information that they need (2018)	34.5% [36/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read magazines several times a week (2018)	3.4% [26/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2018)	25.0% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2009)	17.3% [5/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2018)	18.2% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2009)	17.8% [6/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read non-fiction books (informational, documentary) several times a week (2018)	7.7% [9/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2018)	10.3% [15/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2009)	24.2% [32/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often in paper format (2018)	49.0% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often on digital devices (2018)	21.8% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices (2018)	12.8% [21/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spend more than 1 hour a day reading for enjoyment (2018)	17.6% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are good readers (2018)	72.6% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are able to understand difficult texts (2018)	54.7% [34/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they read fluently (2018)	63.1% [35/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have always had difficulty with reading (2018)	25.5% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have to read a text several times before completely understanding it (2018)	54.9% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that I find it difficult to answer questions about a text (2018)	27.1% [16/38 countries]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year olds who read emails several times a day (2018)	4.8% [38/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who chat on line several times a day (2018)	82.1% [8/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read online news several times a day (2018)	32.3% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search information online to learn about a particular topic several times a day (2018)	40.0% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who take part in online group discussions or forums several times a day (2018)	5.1% [30/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search for practical information online several times a day (2018)	32.4% [2/38 countries]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of those who agree that there were many words they could not understand in the PISA test (2018)	20.3% [8/38 countries]
% of those who agree that many texts were too difficult for them in the PISA test (2018)	22.3% [7/38 countries]
% of those who agree that they were lost when they had to navigate between different pages in the PISA test (2018)	20.1% [15/38 countries]

High school students - learning method> [11]

	Republic of Korea
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of concentrating on the parts of the text that are easy to understand as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.67 [2/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of quickly reading through the text twice as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.43 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of discussing its content with other people after reading the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.95 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of underlining important parts of the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.56 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of summarising the text in their own words as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.49 [2/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text aloud to another person as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.66 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking that each paragraph is covered in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.97 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of I trying to copy out accurately as many sentences as possible as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	2.80 [3/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text as many times as possible before writing the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.15 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of carefully checking whether the most important facts in the text are represented in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.56 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading through the text, underlining the most important sentences, and then writing them in their own words as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.61 [1/38 countries]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

	Republic of Korea
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of answering the email and asking for more information as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.58 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the sender�fs email address as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	4.26 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of clicking on the link to fill out the form as soon as possible as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.72 [3/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of deleting the email without clicking on the link as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.24 [15/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the website of the mobile phone operator as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	4.28 [2/38 countries]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get a good job (2018)	86.5% [8/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get into a good college (2018)	92.4% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school is important (2018)	90.7% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who find satisfaction in working as hard as they can (2018)	91.7% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who persist until a task is finished once they start (2018)	76.2% [7/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy doing things when they improve on their past performance (2018)	95.0% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who would rather keep struggling to master something if they are not good at than move on to something they may be good at (2018)	76.5% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who worry about what others think of when they are failing (2018)	74.6% [2/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who are afraid that they might not have enough talent when they are failing (2018)	66.1% [2/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who doubt their plans for the future when they are failing (2018)	53.2% [15/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they can�ft change their intelligence very much (2018)	46.5% [5/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy working in situations involving competition with others (2018)	49.0% [34/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that it is important for them to perform better than other people on a task (2018)	63.1% [10/38 countries]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [9]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-olds who try harder when they are in competition with other people (2018)	81.7% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value competition (2018)	65.5% [2/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are competing with each other (2018)	72.1% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that competing with each other is important (2018)	64.8% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students feel that they are being compared with others (2018)	63.3% [6/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value cooperation (2018)	64.6% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are cooperating with each other (2018)	67.8% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that cooperating with each other is important (2018)	68.5% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they are encouraged to cooperate with others (2018)	68.4% [2/38 countries]

High school students - meaning of life> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-olds who think that their life has clear meaning or purpose (2018)	66.4% [14/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have discovered a satisfactory meaning in life (2018)	64.5% [8/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have a clear sense of what gives meaning to their life (2018)	67.8% [8/34 countries]

High school students - feeling> [9]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-olds who always feel happy (2018)	43.7% [12/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel scared (2018)	9.5% [2/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel lively (2018)	41.0% [5/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel miserable (2018)	5.4% [17/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel proud (2018)	22.3% [9/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel afraid (2018)	23.9% [2/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel joyful (2018)	44.4% [11/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel sad (2018)	9.8% [4/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel cheerful (2018)	40.3% [19/33 countries]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to learn as much as possible (2018)	42.9% [22/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to completely master the material presented in their classes (2018)	45.7% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to understand the content of their classes as thoroughly as possible (2018)	57.8% [14/38 countries]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year olds who usually manage one way or another (2018)	85.1% [21/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel proud that they have accomplished things (2018)	90.6% [2/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel that they can handle many things at a time (2018)	54.6% [35/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who can usually find their way out in a difficult situation (2018)	80.2% [20/37 countries]

High school students - feeling at school> [6]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year olds who feel like an outsider (or left out of things) (2018)	10.6% [35/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who make friends easily at school (2018)	76.7% [2/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel like they belong at school. (2018)	77.0% [4/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel awkward and out of place in their school. (2018)	12.4% [35/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that other students seem to like them (2018)	80.2% [9/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel lonely at school (2018)	9.6% [33/37 countries]

High school students - family support> [3]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support their educational efforts and achievements (2018)	94.8% [1/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support them when they are facing difficulties at school (2018)	92.0% [1/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents encourage them to be confident (2018)	89.7% [1/36 countries]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped a whole school day in the last two weeks (2018)	2.2% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped some classes in the last two weeks (2018)	2.6% [38/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever arrived late for school in the last two weeks (2018)	19.0% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been made fun of by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	3.5% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been left out of things by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	14.7% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been threatened by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	2.6% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose belongings have ever been taken away or destroyed by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	4.3% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been hit or pushed around by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	1.9% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose nasty rumours have ever been spread by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	8.5% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who are irritated when nobody defends bullied students (2018)	85.0% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a good thing to help students who can�ft defend themselves (2018)	93.2% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a wrong thing to join in bullying (2018)	92.5% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel bad seeing other students bullied (2018)	93.6% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who like to see someone standing up for bullied students (2018)	93.2% [1/38 countries]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

	Republic of Korea
Average hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	6.05 [1/38 countries]
Dispersion (S.E.) of hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	0.123 [9/38 countries]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

	Republic of Korea
% of 15 year old students who definitely check brochure to check how to get to the zoo (2012)	36.7% [16/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely study a map and work out the best route (2012)	36.6% [15/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely leave it to their brother to worry about how to get there (2012)	10.5% [16/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely suggest just to start driving (2012)	15.4% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely check similarities with the machines they have used when the ticket machine is new (2012)	18.1% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try out all the buttons to see what happens when the ticket machine is new (2012)	10.7% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely ask someone for help when the ticket machine is new (2012)	22.6% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try to find a ticket office when the ticket machine is new (2012)	23.5% [35/38 countries]

University> [18]

	Republic of Korea
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	50.7% [4/38 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	14.1% [5/34 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	36.6% [11/34 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	69.8% [1/38 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	21.1% [2/30 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	48.7% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that only students from the best secondary schools can obtain a university education (2009)	52.8% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that only the rich can afford a university education (2009)	57.2% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that university is open to every gender, ethnicity or social background (2009)	57.4% [16/30 countries]
Private spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	63.9% [5/35 countries]
Household spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	45.4% [7/33 countries]
Average tuition fees charged by public institutions (10,000 JPY) (2008-2009)	61.9 [2/22 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2016)	83.1% [20/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2006)	80.1% [20/23 countries]
Students studying abroad as % of the total tertiary enrolment in that country (2011)	3.82% [10/31 countries]
Number of researchers in higher education (per thousand employment)	1.47 (2008) [28/32 countries]
Number of doctoral graduates (2009)	9,912 [6/30 countries]
Graduation rates at doctorate level (2009)	1.19 [24/33 countries]

Mass media> [11]

	Republic of Korea
% of respondents reporting high levels of trust in media	22.1% (2010) [32/34 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2014)	4.7% [22/26 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2004)	5.0% [25/29 countries]
% of those who watch TV, DVD, videos in their free time daily (2007)	69.9% [15/24 countries]
% of those who get much enjoyment from watching TV, DVD, videos (2007)	34.2% [23/24 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for less than 1 hour per day (2007)	27.6% [8/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for more than 2 hours per day (2007)	34.9% [7/17 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2013)	51.9% [7/26 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2003)	57.5% [4/27 countries]
Daily newspapers: number of titles (2004)	139 [5/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Number of titles per 1 million inhabitants (2004)	2.92 [20/35 countries]