World\nOECD members\n

Australia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n Choose a country to compare\n----------\nAustralia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n

All rankings including Turkiye\nRankings in which Turkiye is Top\nRankings in which Turkiye is Top 1-3\nRankings in which Turkiye is Bottom 1-3\nRankings in which Turkiye is Bottom\nRankings in which Turkiye is either Top or Bottom\nRankings in which Turkiye is either Top3 or Bottom3\n

Election and Democracy> [19]

	Turkiye
Voter turnout in the national election	86.2% (2018) [4/38 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2014)	6.55 [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2014)	49.4% [18/26 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2014)	53.2% [24/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2013)	56.7% [14/26 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	18.2% [25/29 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	9.8% [19/29 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy works well in their country today (2014)	4.93 [18/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy worked well in their country 10 years ago (2014)	4.40 [24/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy will work well in their country 10 years from now (2014)	5.34 [18/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2014)	6.59 [5/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2014)	6.37 [4/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2014)	6.30 [2/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2014)	5.38 [8/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that governments respect democratic rights whatever the circumstances (2014)	6.26 [8/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people convicted of serious crimes lose their citizen rights (2014)	5.19 [10/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that long-term residents of a country, who are not citizens, have the right to vote in that country�fs national elections (2014)	5.07 [2/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens have the right not to vote (2014)	5.96 [2/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that health care be provided for everyone (2014)	6.66 [7/26 countries]

Politician> [11]

	Turkiye
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	600 [2/38 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	130,452 [6/38 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	17.41% [36/38 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	14.83% [32/38 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	11.8% [35/38 countries]
Average age of cabinet members (2018)	53.32 [18/35 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2014)	34.9% [7/26 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2010)	36.4% [6/29 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for what they can get out of it personally (2010)	77.3% [6/29 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2016)	64.3% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2014)	49.9% [16/26 countries]

Political party and organization> [5]

	Turkiye
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2014)	34.4% [9/26 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2014)	40.3% [19/26 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2014)	11.2% [6/26 countries]
% of those who think that people who vote for the party/the parties in government have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	9.3% [19/25 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2014)	5.27 [1/26 countries]

Parliament> [4]

	Turkiye
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2018)	62.7% [10/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2008)	63.2% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2016)	22.2% [10/25 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2014)	22.6% [6/26 countries]

Political awareness> [29]

	Turkiye
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2016)	2.67 [18/24 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2014)	29.6% [25/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is left (2014)	13.4% [12/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is center (2014)	39.1% [21/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is right (2014)	30.7% [2/26 countries]
Average of political position (2014)	5.86 [2/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	35.0% [24/26 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2014)	19.1% [14/18 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2014)	37.5% [4/18 countries]
% of those who use the media to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	71.6% [13/26 countries]
% of those who never use the media to obtain political news or information (2014)	4.1% [13/26 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2014)	61.7% [2/18 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2014)	6.7% [12/18 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2014)	12.5% [16/18 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2014)	59.1% [4/18 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	21.3% [10/17 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2014)	52.7% [6/17 countries]
% of those who have expressed political views on the internet (2014)	7.1% [21/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2014)	27.5% [20/26 countries]
% of young people (-29) who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	0.3% [19/26 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2014)	27.3% [15/26 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2016)	46.0% [16/25 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2014)	37.9% [21/26 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2016)	45.5% [20/25 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2014)	28.4% [20/26 countries]
% of those who think that citizens in general has the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	7.0% [14/25 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2014)	37.2% [23/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2014)	5.82 [6/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2014)	5.87 [4/26 countries]

Political action> [12]

	Turkiye
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2014)	36.8% [11/26 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2014)	5.3% [24/26 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2014)	6.5% [26/26 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2014)	13.4% [25/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2014)	5.73 [1/26 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2014)	10.2% [24/26 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2016)	61.5% [25/25 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2014)	9.5% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2016)	54.9% [25/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2016)	57.9% [14/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	8.7% [21/26 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2016)	53.9% [23/25 countries]

Public officials> [8]

	Turkiye
Employment in general government as % of total employment	13.06% (2019) [26/33 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	13.38% [33/36 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2016)	23.7% [14/25 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2014)	52.7% [17/25 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	40.4 [37/38 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2014)	24.8% [16/26 countries]
% of those who think that many public officials are involved in corruption (2016)	60.1% [3/25 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2016)	66.5% [21/25 countries]

Public finance> [4]

	Turkiye
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	33.3% [33/38 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.46% [24/38 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	37% [33/38 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2016)	54.7% [16/25 countries]

Tax> [15]

	Turkiye
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	29% [32/38 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	18.0% [26/35 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	25.00% [14/38 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	5.6% [37/38 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	7.2% [25/38 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	1.0% [27/38 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	9.0% [28/38 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2016)	28.2% [4/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	15.9% [20/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2016)	44.9% [18/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	57.5% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2009)	76.5% [16/30 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2014)	6.56 [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often make sure people pay their taxes (2016)	57.9% [22/25 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often treat everyone in accordance with the law, regardless of their contacts or position in society (2016)	47.7% [17/25 countries]

Social security> [25]

	Turkiye
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2013)	62.6% [10/26 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2016)	81.6% [6/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2016)	90.8% [22/25 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2016)	49.3% [2/15 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	79.6% [10/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	2.2% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	12.7% [12/25 countries]
% of those who think "government agencies should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	49.5% [8/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	66.5% [11/31 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	67 [28/32 countries]
% of those who think that 1-6 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	45.9% [9/31 countries]
% of those who think that 7-12 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	33.7% [14/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	11.6% [15/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	1.0% [23/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government should pay for parental leave (2012)	49.8% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think that the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	17.8% [2/31 countries]
% of those who think that both the government and the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	32.4% [23/31 countries]
% of those who think the employers should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	1.7% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think the family itself should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	63.7% [8/31 countries]
% of those who think the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	34.6% [23/31 countries]
% of those who think government agencies should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	21.2% [18/31 countries]
% of those who think that poverty is the most important issue for their country (2010)	15.0% [6/28 countries]
% of those who think that the government should spend less on benefits for the poor (2009)	16.1% [11/30 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2016)	86.0% [7/25 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2014)	6.35 [1/26 countries]

Law and Justice> [4]

	Turkiye
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2016)	65.0% [22/25 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2016)	48.6% [17/25 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2014)	6.41 [4/26 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2018)	57.2% [20/24 countries]

Population> [13]

	Turkiye
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	8,504.3 [4/38 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	0.8% [7/38 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	32.5% [4/38 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	23.6% [3/38 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	67.1% [7/38 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	9.3% [37/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	77.9 [30/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	80.8 [30/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	75.0 [29/38 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	110.5 [17/38 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	37.5 [10/31 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2010)	45.9% [22/29 countries]
% of those who think that younger people should be medically prioritized over older people (2011)	54.8% [2/25 countries]

Marriage and sex> [11]

	Turkiye
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	5.8 (2020) [2/37 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	1.6 (2020) [27/37 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.28 [35/37 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	98.1% (2013) [1/36 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	97.6% (2013) [1/36 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2012)	58.2% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2018)	85.1% [1/23 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2008)	92.2% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (2008)	83.3% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2018)	80.3% [1/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2008)	93.1% [1/30 countries]

Birth> [10]

	Turkiye
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	2.04 [3/38 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	15.5 [3/38 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	29.0 [34/38 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	17 [6/38 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	8.1 [3/38 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	9 [3/38 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	23.5 [7/38 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	2.9% [35/37 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (2008)	49.0% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2018)	64.7% [2/24 countries]

Parent-child relations> [7]

	Turkiye
% of children (aged 0-17) living with a single parent	5.8% (2017) [34/34 countries]
% of those who think that adult children are an important source of help for elderly parents (2012)	68.9% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (2012)	48.5% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2012)	95.0% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that children are a financial burden (2012)	58.3% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that those with young children should be medically prioritized over those not (2011)	56.9% [2/25 countries]
% of those who think that having children increases people's social standing in society (2012)	54.5% [4/30 countries]

Family> [2]

	Turkiye
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	0.49% [37/37 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2012)	5.22 [25/31 countries]

Domestic problems> [1]

	Turkiye
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15?49 years subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime (%) (2018)	32% [1/35 countries]

Migration> [21]

	Turkiye
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	7.2% [28/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	3,579,531 [1/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	429.0 [1/38 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2008)	66.7% [19/30 countries]
% of those who experience international migration (2008)	3.3% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2013)	5.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2013)	71.9% [2/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2013)	64.3% [3/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigration is the most important issue for their country (2010)	0.5% [27/28 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2013)	23.2% [22/26 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2013)	62.2% [2/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2013)	22.3% [24/26 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2013)	64.1% [4/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2013)	50.3% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants should give up original culture and adopt their culture (2013)	19.2% [3/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2013)	35.8% [13/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country's culture is generally undermined by immigrants (2013)	48.9% [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2013)	76.7% [1/26 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2013)	41.1% [11/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2013)	70.5% [14/26 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants should have equal access to public education (2013)	48.9% [25/26 countries]

National economy> [10]

	Turkiye
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	806.804 [14/38 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	9,528 [37/38 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	34,755 [32/38 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	9,830 [35/37 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	49.6 [23/35 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	27.4% [2/38 countries]
% of those who think that the economy is the most important issue for their country (2010)	19.6% [21/28 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	1,095 [13/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2016)	88.9% [7/25 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2013)	62.6% [10/26 countries]

Saving and investment> [2]

	Turkiye
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	1,370 [1/36 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	73.3% (2020) [1/36 countries]

Price and interest> [22]

	Turkiye
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	43 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	76 [33/38 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	67 [37/38 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	82 [29/38 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [24/38 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [22/38 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	63 [36/38 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	78 [35/38 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	167 [4/38 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	54 [35/38 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	57 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	31 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	12 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	79 [33/38 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	63 [31/38 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	56 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	11 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	62 [34/38 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	29 [38/38 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	31 [38/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2016)	90.2% [3/25 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	27.3% [16/29 countries]

Income inequality> [10]

	Turkiye
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.397 [33/35 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	14.4% [10/35 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	72.3% [3/30 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	88.0% [2/31 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	10.0% [29/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2012)	5.8% [31/31 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	94.7% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	77.4% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2010)	79.2% [5/29 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2009)	92.3% [1/30 countries]

Social inequality> [9]

	Turkiye
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	40.0% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	35.9% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	12.0% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	8.9% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	3.2% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	1.4% [8/29 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	3.2% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	8.3% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	58.7% [9/30 countries]

Social position> [22]

	Turkiye
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	2.6% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	58.9% [28/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	38.8% [19/28 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	19.2% [7/27 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	38.5% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	8.6% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	55.9% [28/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	35.5% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	35.3% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	31.6% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	74.9% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	46.9% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	64.9% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	81.9% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	59.2% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	80.2% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	72.2% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	34.0% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	12.8% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	16.3% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	19.3% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	12.5% [10/30 countries]

Manufacturing> [2]

	Turkiye
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	22.2% (2021) [3/38 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	62.5% (2020) [11/34 countries]

Services> [2]

	Turkiye
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	8.1% (2019) [12/31 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	84.2% (2020) [2/32 countries]

Financial sector> [0]

Companies> [7]

	Turkiye
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2018)	57.0% [20/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2008)	45.0% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2010)	49.3% [6/29 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies comply with laws and regulations (2016)	44.1% [17/25 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies try to avoid paying their taxes (2016)	41.8% [22/25 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2013)	74.5% [3/26 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2014)	10.2% [23/26 countries]

Starting business> [2]

	Turkiye
New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64) (2020)	1.77 [25/31 countries]
Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) (2019)	6.0% [9/38 countries]

Industrial policy> [3]

	Turkiye
% of those who think that business, banks and industry have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	14.0% [24/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2016)	59.6% [5/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2016)	72.9% [20/25 countries]

Employment> [11]

	Turkiye
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	76.9% [31/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	37.3% [38/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	93.6% [14/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	46.0% [38/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	49.3% [38/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	18.0% [38/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	18.1% [1/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	18.1% [1/38 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	25.3% [12/38 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	56.6% [38/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2016)	81.3% [7/25 countries]

Female employment> [22]

	Turkiye
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for promoting equality between men and women (2016)	89.6% [8/25 countries]
Share of female managers	18.2% (2020) [32/34 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	18.0% [30/37 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2018)	37.1% [3/24 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2008)	52.9% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that the mother and the father should each take half of paid parental leave (2012)	13.7% [27/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take most of the paid leave period and the father should take some of it. (2012)	25.9% [25/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take the entire paid parental leave (2012)	60.2% [4/31 countries]
% of those who think that no paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	7.9% [17/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2012)	9.2% [23/31 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	5.2% [24/31 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work part-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	2.9% [25/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2012)	56.5% [3/31 countries]
% of those who think that mother should stay at home and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	71.1% [1/31 countries]
% of those who think that mother should work part-time and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	19.9% [31/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that both mother and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	4.8% [31/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that father stay at home and mother work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	74.8% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that mother stay at home and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	7.7% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2012)	20.6% [27/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2012)	39.2% [1/31 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	66.1% [6/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	25.0% [29/31 countries]

Self-employment> [2]

	Turkiye
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, men, % of total employed	18.7% (2019) [2/31 countries]
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, women, % of total employed	8.7% (2019) [8/31 countries]

Non-regular employment> [4]

	Turkiye
Part-time employment - male	6.2% (2021) [28/37 countries]
Part-time employment - female	15.3% (2021) [27/37 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	12.5% (2021) [13/36 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	9.7% (2021) [23/36 countries]

Side business> [0]

Recruitment and job change> [0]

Work preference> [0]

Unemployment> [9]

	Turkiye
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	12.2% [5/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	10.9% [4/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	15.0% [5/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	22.6% [8/38 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	31.2% (2021) [14/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	26.9% (2021) [21/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	37.6% (2021) [11/37 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2016)	84.2% [4/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2009)	93.0% [1/30 countries]

Labor policy> [0]

Working time> [8]

	Turkiye
Average annual hours actually worked per worker	1,572 (2020) [25/38 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men and women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	246.3 (2014/15) [19/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	358.3 (2014/15) [7/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	133.9 (2014/15) [29/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men and women, minutes per day per person)	30.7 (2014/15) [9/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men, minutes per day per person)	43.5 (2014/15) [5/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (women, minutes per day per person)	17.8 (2014/15) [28/30 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2016)	62.0% [1/25 countries]

Wages> [9]

	Turkiye
Minimum relative to average (mean) wages of full-time workers (2020)	39.4% [22/30 countries]
Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers (2020)	69.0% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (2009)	73.5% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	84.4% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (2009)	78.2% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (2009)	78.6% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (2009)	58.4% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	83.1% [14/29 countries]
% of those who think how hard he or she works at the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	83.9% [5/30 countries]

Work motivation> [3]

	Turkiye
% of those who often arrive at work too tired to function well because of the household work (2012)	10.4% [3/31 countries]
% of those who often find it difficult to concentrate at work because of family responsibilities (2012)	10.8% [1/31 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2012)	5.00 [27/31 countries]

Skills> [0]

Workplace> [2]

	Turkiye
% of those who often share work-related information with co-workers (2011-2017)	28.2% [28/28 countries]
% of those who often learn new work-related things from co-workers or supervisors (2011-2017)	10.3% [28/28 countries]

Industrial relations> [4]

	Turkiye
Trade union participation (% of total employment)	9.9% (2019) [34/38 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2014)	5.7% [26/26 countries]
Strikes (the total number of working days lost because of strikes per 1000 employees) (2000-2004)	20 [18/25 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	3.5% [20/25 countries]

Work accident> [0]

Housework> [42]

	Turkiye
Time spent for routine housework (men and women, minutes per day per person)	123.9 (2014/15) [14/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (men, minutes per day per person)	26.6 (2014/15) [28/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (women, minutes per day per person)	221.6 (2014/15) [3/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	14.0 (2014/15) [29/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men, minutes per day per person)	13.1 (2014/15) [25/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (women, minutes per day per person)	14.8 (2014/15) [30/30 countries]
Time spent for child care (men and women, minutes per day per person)	26.3 (2014/15) [10/25 countries]
Time spent for child care (men, minutes per day per person)	9.6 (2014/15) [22/25 countries]
Time spent for child care (women, minutes per day per person)	43.1 (2014/15) [6/25 countries]
% of men who think that they do less than their fair share of the household work (2012)	11.9% [31/31 countries]
% of women who think that they do more than their fair share of the household work (2012)	62.2% [8/31 countries]
% of women who say that they prepare meals (2012)	85.0% [4/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners prepare meals (2012)	4.6% [31/31 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (2012)	85.4% [13/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (2012)	3.8% [30/31 countries]
% of women who say that they clean the house (2012)	85.9% [1/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners clean the house (2012)	4.9% [31/31 countries]
% of men who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	19.3% [2/31 countries]
% of women who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	30.4% [23/31 countries]
% of those who says that both partners decide how to raise children together (2012)	42.6% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think private childcare providers should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	1.1% [29/31 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	76.4% [7/31 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	44.9% [22/31 countries]
% of those who think private providers should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	0.8% [29/31 countries]
% of those who think that the elderly people themselves or their family should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	33.5% [21/31 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	66.1% [6/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	25.0% [29/31 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	12.1% [12/31 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	61.0% [1/31 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (2012)	31.3% [27/31 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (2012)	1.4% [31/31 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (2012)	1.1% [30/31 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	56.5% [7/31 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	36.9% [1/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (2012)	24.8% [30/31 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (2012)	73.1% [27/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (2012)	12.2% [10/31 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	28.9% [1/31 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	16.8% [9/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2012)	42.8% [27/31 countries]
% of those who often come home from work too tired to do the chores (2012)	29.7% [3/31 countries]
% of those who often work too long to fulfil family responsibilities (2012)	22.9% [1/31 countries]

Voluntary activities> [5]

	Turkiye
% of those who take part in voluntary work once a month or more (2011-2017)	5.8% [27/28 countries]
% of those who never take part in voluntary work (2011-2017)	78.6% [6/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men and women, minutes per day per person)	2.9 (2014/15) [13/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men, minutes per day per person)	2.9 (2014/15) [14/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (women, minutes per day per person)	3.0 (2014/15) [11/28 countries]

Education in general> [25]

	Turkiye
% of general government expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	72.0% [16/36 countries]
% of household expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	12.2% [22/34 countries]
% of those who think that education is the most important issue for their country (2010)	12.1% [18/28 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2016)	83.8% [5/25 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	86.5% [21/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	2.0% [13/25 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	12.7% [20/30 countries]
% of those who think it is fair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	21.3% [10/25 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	77.4% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think it is unfair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	63.8% [13/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2018)	64.2% [23/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2011)	73.7% [19/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2008)	78.3% [23/30 countries]
Literacy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	227 [29/31 countries]
Numeracy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	227 [29/31 countries]
Proficiency of problem solving in technology-rich environments proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	253 [27/28 countries]
% of those who like learning new things (2011-2017)	63.0% [20/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new ideas to real life (2011-2017)	40.7% [12/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new things to existing knowledge (2011-2017)	55.2% [21/28 countries]
% of those who like to solve difficult problems (2011-2017)	43.8% [22/28 countries]
% of those who like to fit different ideas together (2011-2017)	41.5% [23/28 countries]
% of those who look for additional information to understand things (2011-2017)	55.0% [26/28 countries]
Time in school or classes (men and women, minutes per day per person)	16.9 (2014/15) [21/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (men, minutes per day per person)	17.4 (2014/15) [20/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (women, minutes per day per person)	16.4 (2014/15) [21/29 countries]

Pre-primary education> [2]

	Turkiye
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 0 to 2 year old	0.3% (2017) [37/37 countries]
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 3 to 5 year old	39.7% (2017) [37/37 countries]

Pre-primary education at home> [18]

	Turkiye
% of the parents who often read books to their child before they began primary school (2019)	27.2% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often told stories to their child before they began primary school (2019)	31.6% [23/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	34.1% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with alphabet toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	34.3% [16/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	49.3% [23/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about what they had read to their child before they began primary school (2019)	35.3% [17/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played word games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	31.4% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote letters or words to their child before they began primary school (2019)	32.3% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often read aloud signs and labels to their child before they began primary school (2019)	30.7% [23/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang counting songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	34.1% [13/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with number toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	34.5% [17/24 countries]
% of the parents who often counted different things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	38.7% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played games involving shapes with their child before they began primary school (2019)	47.1% [23/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with building blocks or construction toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	35.5% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played board or card games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	24.7% [24/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote numbers to their child before they began primary school (2019)	38.7% [15/24 countries]
% of the parents who often drew shapes to their child before they began primary school (2019)	43.6% [13/24 countries]
% of the parents who often measured or weighed things with their child before they began primary school (2019)	20.1% [5/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on letters> [7]

	Turkiye
% of the children who could recognize most of the letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	31.1% [21/24 countries]
% of the children who could read some words very well when they began primary school (2019)	22.5% [15/24 countries]
% of the children who could read sentences very well when they began primary school (2019)	19.7% [12/24 countries]
% of the children who could read a story very well when they began primary school (2019)	16.1% [8/24 countries]
% of the children who could write letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	28.7% [17/24 countries]
% of the children who could write his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	40.0% [24/24 countries]
% of the children who could write words other than his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	24.7% [12/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [5]

	Turkiye
% of the children who could count by himself/ herself up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	36.6% [9/24 countries]
% of the children who could recognize written numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	25.2% [11/24 countries]
% of the children who could write numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	24.4% [11/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple addition up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	59.6% [22/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple subtraction up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	54.1% [16/24 countries]

Primary school> [7]

	Turkiye
Average class size in primary education (public and private)	22.4 (2018) [10/31 countries]
Average class size in primary education (public) (2018)	22.7 [12/34 countries]
Average class size in primary education (private)	17.5 (2018) [23/31 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public and private) (2018)	17.2 [8/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public) (2018)	18.2 [6/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (private) (2018)	8.1 [34/36 countries]
Annual number of hours of compulsory instruction in primary education (2019)	720 [24/35 countries]

Primary school students - home> [3]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 4 students who have their own room (2019)	57.4% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	68.3% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	33.4% [28/28 countries]

Primary school students - school life> [28]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 4 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	10.3% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	32.2% [24/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	40.2% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	76.2% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2011)	88.4% [1/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	74.2% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2011)	78.5% [1/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	74.1% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2011)	78.8% [1/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	72.0% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	79.6% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2019)	45.7% [20/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2011)	53.5% [22/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2019)	30.2% [27/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2011)	43.0% [17/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	41.6% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2011)	47.7% [13/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	40.4% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2011)	46.5% [3/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	28.4% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2019)	28.2% [28/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2011)	49.5% [14/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2019)	20.5% [20/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2011)	36.4% [3/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	14.2% [11/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	12.4% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	7.5% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	17.0% [21/28 countries]

Primary school students - mathematics> [34]

	Turkiye
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2019)	523 [16/28 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2015)	483 [23/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2011)	469 [23/24 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	58.0% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	75.3% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	9.1% [23/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	7.8% [25/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	74.6% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	75.4% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	72.5% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	66.5% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	53.9% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	65.0% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	60.0% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	64.9% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	77.4% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	86.9% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	82.3% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	86.6% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students don�ft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	21.6% [11/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	27.1% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	12.1% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost everymathematics lesson (2019)	33.7% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	21.0% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	39.5% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	61.0% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	15.4% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at mathematics (2019)	9.5% [21/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	54.3% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	23.1% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	34.4% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	43.8% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	17.8% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	19.0% [4/28 countries]

Primary school students - science> [26]

	Turkiye
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2019)	526 [15/28 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2015)	483 [23/24 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2011)	463 [24/24 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	37.8% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	79.2% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	9.5% [16/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	7.8% [20/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	80.3% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	79.6% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	77.9% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to learning science (2019)	59.9% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	77.9% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	69.2% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	60.3% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	68.0% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	78.6% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	84.5% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	81.8% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	84.0% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	71.2% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	12.0% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at science (2019)	8.1% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	62.9% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	46.9% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	10.9% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	12.4% [5/28 countries]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	29.8% [3/23 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	26.6% [2/23 countries]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [8]

	Turkiye
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school does a good job including them in their child�fs education (2019)	71.6% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school provides a safe environment (2019)	79.9% [3/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child�fs school cares about their child's progress in school (2019)	77.1% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job informing them of his/her progress (2019)	70.6% [4/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school promotes high academic standards (2019)	62.3% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in reading (2019)	73.4% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in mathematics (2019)	71.4% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in science (2019)	71.3% [1/23 countries]

Primary school - future educational plan> [2]

	Turkiye
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	91.0% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish postgraduate degree (2019)	45.4% [4/23 countries]

Lower secondary school> [6]

	Turkiye
Average class size in lower secondary education (public and private)	25.4 (2018) [9/32 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (public)	26.1 (2018) [9/33 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (private)	17.6 (2018) [28/32 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public and private) (2018)	15.9 [6/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public) (2018)	16.8 [3/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (private) (2018)	8.6 [26/32 countries]

Lower secondary school students - home> [5]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 8 students who have their own room (2019)	65.2% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have their own room (2011)	54.2% [15/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	71.8% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have internet connection at home (2011)	45.4% [16/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	56.6% [18/18 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [6]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access the textbook or other course materials (2019)	63.5% [6/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access assignments posted online by their teacher (2019)	34.9% [15/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to collaborate with classmates on assignments or projects (2019)	69.7% [15/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to communicate with the teacher (2019)	36.4% [11/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to find information, articles, or tutorials to aid in understanding mathematics or science (2019)	75.5% [4/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who use Internet to access learning games or activities related to mathematics or science (2019)	37.6% [9/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [30]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 8 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	5.5% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	37.1% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	46.4% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	54.0% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2011)	93.5% [1/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2007)	76.1% [1/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	60.1% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2011)	90.6% [4/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	62.6% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2011)	84.6% [7/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	56.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	57.5% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students said mean things about their physical appearance (2019)	43.1% [10/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	51.6% [4/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2011)	43.2% [12/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared their secrets with others (2019)	38.0% [9/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students refused to talk to them (2019)	27.8% [13/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students insulted a member of their family (2019)	10.6% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	36.4% [2/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students stole something from them (2011)	43.4% [3/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2019)	30.5% [2/16 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2011)	24.0% [2/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	9.9% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	9.0% [9/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	5.2% [16/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	14.1% [7/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students physically hurt them (2019)	16.0% [8/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students physically hurt them (2011)	37.8% [3/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students excluded them from their group (2019)	14.7% [15/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	24.2% [2/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [44]

	Turkiye
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2019)	496 [15/18 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2015)	458 [15/16 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2011)	452 [14/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	40.6% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	53.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	27.9% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	17.3% [13/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	49.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	48.7% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	39.2% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	37.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	21.5% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	35.2% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	57.5% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	67.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	72.0% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	78.7% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	63.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher links new lessons to what they already know in mathematics lessons (2019)	62.0% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	81.8% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students don�ft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	18.4% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	20.4% [10/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	10.5% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	21.1% [7/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	14.3% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	25.0% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	25.6% [9/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	16.5% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is not one of their strengths (2019)	21.0% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	29.2% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	24.2% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	14.9% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	24.2% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	33.1% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	29.5% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will help them in their daily life (2019)	50.7% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need mathematics to learn other school subjects (2019)	38.3% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get into the university of their choice (2019)	65.2% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get the job they want (2019)	58.2% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they would like a job that involves using mathematics (2019)	30.4% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to learn about mathematics to get ahead in the world (2019)	57.8% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will give them more job opportunities when they are adults (2019)	61.5% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their parents think that it is important that they do well in mathematics (2019)	72.2% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to do well in mathematics (2019)	74.4% [1/18 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [39]

	Turkiye
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2019)	515 [12/18 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2015)	493 [14/16 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 8th grade (2011)	483 [14/15 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	14.8% [8/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	72.4% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	14.4% [6/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	8.5% [10/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	74.2% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	71.4% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they look forward to science lessons (2019)	38.4% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	67.7% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like to conduct science experiments (2019)	65.3% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	58.5% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	60.1% [2/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	67.9% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	71.6% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	76.6% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	66.4% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher links new lessons to what they already know in science lessons (2019)	62.5% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	78.5% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	45.7% [3/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	10.1% [4/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is not one of their strengths (2019)	11.5% [10/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	50.8% [1/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult science problems (2019)	33.2% [2/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	35.9% [2/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	8.9% [10/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	10.7% [11/12 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning science will help them in their daily life (2019)	62.5% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need science to learn other school subjects (2019)	42.1% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in science to get into the university of their choice (2019)	55.6% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in science to get the job they want (2019)	50.5% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they would like a job that involves using science (2019)	41.6% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to learn about science to get ahead in the world (2019)	53.3% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning science will give them more job opportunities when they are adults (2019)	52.0% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their parents think that it is important that they do well in science (2019)	58.0% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to do well in science (2019)	72.8% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students whose teacher gives them homework in mathematics every day (2019)	17.4% [10/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students whose teacher gives them homework in science every day (2019)	9.1% [4/12 countries]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 8 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	63.8% [2/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	58.6% [1/17 countries]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [2]

	Turkiye
% of Grade 8 students who expect them to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	84.2% [1/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who expect them to finish postgraduate degree (2019)	37.0% [4/18 countries]

Lower secondary education teachers> [33]

	Turkiye
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	31.61 [30/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	24.54 [5/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	3.41 [31/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	1.87 [30/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	2.30 [31/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	1.91 [21/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	1.63 [11/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	1.90 [21/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	1.55 [19/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.73 [6/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	1.77 [13/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	1.87 [13/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	84.69% [2/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	93.27% [4/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	91.66% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	93.17% [2/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	21.90% [25/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	54.66% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	43.90% [22/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	57.07% [5/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	81.38% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	84.46% [6/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	78.50% [6/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	64.35% [13/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	86.63% [7/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	80.94% [7/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	30.23% [14/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	66.65% [6/30 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	36.91% [1/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	79.03% [29/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	73.43% [29/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	92.53% [24/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with the present job all in all (2018)	89.20% [21/31 countries]

High school students - Performance> [7]

	Turkiye
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2018)	465.63 [31/37 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2015)	428 [35/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2018)	453.51 [33/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2015)	420 [35/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2018)	468.30 [30/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2015)	425 [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have ever repeated a grade (2009)	13.0% [14/37 countries]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-old students who have a computer they can use for school work in their home (2018)	66.6% [35/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have classic literature in their home (2018)	72.2% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have books of poetry in their home (2018)	59.1% [6/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have works of art (e.g. paintings) in their home (2018)	35.9% [36/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have musical instruments (e.g. guitar, piano) in their home (2018)	48.2% [4/38 countries]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [53]

	Turkiye
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2018)	17.6% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2009)	14.3% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2018)	23.4% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2009)	22.8% [32/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2018)	24.4% [26/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2009)	25.6% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2018)	34.8% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2009)	22.6% [8/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2018)	36.7% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2009)	22.0% [24/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows an interest in every student's learning in their language lessons (2018)	72.9% [18/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher gives extra help when students need it in their language lessons (2018)	73.4% [20/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students with their learning in their language lessons (2018)	84.7% [11/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher continues teaching until the students understands in their language lessons (2018)	75.7% [9/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher sets clear goals for our learning in their language lessons (2018)	69.2% [23/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher asks questions to check whether they have understood what was taught in their language lessons (2018)	79.8% [8/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher presents a short summary of the previous lesson in their language lessons (2018)	58.0% [5/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher tells us what we have to learn in their language lessons (2018)	78.5% [8/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher make them feel confident in their ability in their language lessons (2018)	63.4% [29/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher listen to their view in their language lessons (2018)	61.2% [28/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who felt that their teacher understand them in their language lessons (2018)	61.1% [33/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher adapts the lesson to their class's needs and knowledge in their language lessons (2018)	57.3% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher provides individual help when a student has difficulties understanding a topic or task in their language lessons (2018)	52.8% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher changes the structure of the lesson on a topic that most students find difficult to understand in their language lessons (2018)	45.8% [10/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher gives them feedback on their strengths in their language lessons (2018)	39.1% [9/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them in which areas they can still improve in their language lessons (2018)	38.8% [23/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them how they can improve their performance in their language lessons (2018)	44.6% [15/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear to them that their teacher liked teaching them in their language lessons (2018)	66.2% [27/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the enthusiasm of the teacher inspired them in their language lessons (2018)	57.5% [15/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear that the teacher likes to deal with the topic of the lesson in their language lessons (2018)	69.8% [33/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the teacher showed enjoyment in teaching in their language lessons (2018)	66.7% [29/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include diagrams or maps for school (2018)	29.5% [9/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read fiction (e.g., novels, short stories) for school (2018)	52.0% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include tables or graphs for school (2018)	27.9% [14/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read digital texts including links for school (2018)	16.1% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2018)	54.1% [24/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2009)	67.5% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2018)	44.9% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2009)	51.5% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2018)	51.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2009)	52.8% [6/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2018)	55.7% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2009)	63.6% [9/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have read a text of more than 100 pages in their language lessons (2018)	43.8% [19/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a summary of the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	71.9% [11/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to list and write a short description of the main characters in their language lessons (2018)	64.0% [26/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to discuss in small groups with other students who read the same book or chapter in their language lessons (2018)	45.5% [23/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to give their personal thoughts about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	75.3% [14/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to answer questions about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	83.9% [14/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the content of the book or the chapter with their own experience in their language lessons (2018)	52.5% [5/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the book with other books or texts on a similar topic in their language lessons (2018)	53.0% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to select a passage they liked or disliked and explain why in their language lessons (2018)	58.5% [4/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a text related to what they have read in their language lessons (2018)	49.8% [27/38 countries]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

	Turkiye
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use keywords when using a search engine (2018)	33.6% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to decide whether to trust information from the Internet (2018)	55.6% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to compare different web pages and decide what information is more relevant (2018)	52.3% [28/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school to understand the consequences of making information publicly available online (2018)	47.1% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use the short description below the links in the list of results of a search (2018)	36.8% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect whether the information is subjective or biased (2018)	48.2% [22/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect phishing or spam emails (2018)	26.8% [34/38 countries]

High school students - Reading> [23]

	Turkiye
% of 15 year old students who read only if they have to (2018)	23.8% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is one of their favourite hobbies (2018)	63.7% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who like talking about books with other people (2018)	62.3% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is a waste of time (2018)	12.1% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who I read only to get information that they need (2018)	33.3% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read magazines several times a week (2018)	6.7% [9/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2018)	6.5% [8/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2009)	7.8% [18/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2018)	22.3% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2009)	23.0% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read non-fiction books (informational, documentary) several times a week (2018)	14.4% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2018)	14.4% [6/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2009)	69.0% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often in paper format (2018)	54.5% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often on digital devices (2018)	13.8% [20/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices (2018)	10.9% [25/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spend more than 1 hour a day reading for enjoyment (2018)	24.7% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are good readers (2018)	72.5% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are able to understand difficult texts (2018)	67.2% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they read fluently (2018)	77.5% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have always had difficulty with reading (2018)	14.2% [32/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have to read a text several times before completely understanding it (2018)	43.0% [18/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that I find it difficult to answer questions about a text (2018)	18.6% [32/38 countries]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year olds who read emails several times a day (2018)	9.0% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who chat on line several times a day (2018)	65.5% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read online news several times a day (2018)	32.4% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search information online to learn about a particular topic several times a day (2018)	41.6% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who take part in online group discussions or forums several times a day (2018)	20.0% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search for practical information online several times a day (2018)	27.6% [7/38 countries]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

	Turkiye
% of those who agree that there were many words they could not understand in the PISA test (2018)	26.6% [4/38 countries]
% of those who agree that many texts were too difficult for them in the PISA test (2018)	24.4% [4/38 countries]
% of those who agree that they were lost when they had to navigate between different pages in the PISA test (2018)	15.6% [27/38 countries]

High school students - learning method> [11]

	Turkiye
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of concentrating on the parts of the text that are easy to understand as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.42 [7/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of quickly reading through the text twice as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.16 [6/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of discussing its content with other people after reading the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.51 [11/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of underlining important parts of the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.42 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of summarising the text in their own words as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.22 [7/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text aloud to another person as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.28 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking that each paragraph is covered in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.31 [14/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of I trying to copy out accurately as many sentences as possible as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.06 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text as many times as possible before writing the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.85 [2/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of carefully checking whether the most important facts in the text are represented in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.32 [9/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading through the text, underlining the most important sentences, and then writing them in their own words as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.54 [2/38 countries]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

	Turkiye
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of answering the email and asking for more information as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.95 [9/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the sender�fs email address as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.83 [26/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of clicking on the link to fill out the form as soon as possible as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.47 [6/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of deleting the email without clicking on the link as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.68 [34/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the website of the mobile phone operator as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.87 [14/38 countries]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get a good job (2018)	79.1% [28/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get into a good college (2018)	86.7% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school is important (2018)	80.1% [31/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who find satisfaction in working as hard as they can (2018)	73.0% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who persist until a task is finished once they start (2018)	77.3% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy doing things when they improve on their past performance (2018)	82.1% [20/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who would rather keep struggling to master something if they are not good at than move on to something they may be good at (2018)	52.2% [35/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who worry about what others think of when they are failing (2018)	65.8% [3/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who are afraid that they might not have enough talent when they are failing (2018)	56.2% [14/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who doubt their plans for the future when they are failing (2018)	63.6% [6/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they can�ft change their intelligence very much (2018)	40.1% [11/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy working in situations involving competition with others (2018)	70.7% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that it is important for them to perform better than other people on a task (2018)	77.3% [1/38 countries]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [9]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-olds who try harder when they are in competition with other people (2018)	72.6% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value competition (2018)	58.8% [6/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are competing with each other (2018)	61.9% [4/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that competing with each other is important (2018)	57.6% [2/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students feel that they are being compared with others (2018)	62.8% [7/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value cooperation (2018)	56.6% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are cooperating with each other (2018)	58.3% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that cooperating with each other is important (2018)	57.3% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they are encouraged to cooperate with others (2018)	56.9% [12/38 countries]

High school students - meaning of life> [3]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-olds who think that their life has clear meaning or purpose (2018)	80.2% [3/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have discovered a satisfactory meaning in life (2018)	63.5% [11/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have a clear sense of what gives meaning to their life (2018)	65.3% [12/34 countries]

High school students - feeling> [9]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-olds who always feel happy (2018)	32.0% [28/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel scared (2018)	3.6% [14/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel lively (2018)	31.0% [18/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel miserable (2018)	6.2% [10/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel proud (2018)	39.2% [1/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel afraid (2018)	11.6% [10/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel joyful (2018)	31.7% [26/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel sad (2018)	12.8% [1/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel cheerful (2018)	37.9% [21/33 countries]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to learn as much as possible (2018)	42.8% [23/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to completely master the material presented in their classes (2018)	39.1% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to understand the content of their classes as thoroughly as possible (2018)	41.6% [32/38 countries]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year olds who usually manage one way or another (2018)	86.3% [18/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel proud that they have accomplished things (2018)	89.9% [5/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel that they can handle many things at a time (2018)	77.9% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who can usually find their way out in a difficult situation (2018)	84.5% [5/37 countries]

High school students - feeling at school> [6]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year olds who feel like an outsider (or left out of things) (2018)	23.3% [9/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who make friends easily at school (2018)	71.5% [17/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel like they belong at school. (2018)	70.3% [15/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel awkward and out of place in their school. (2018)	24.8% [4/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that other students seem to like them (2018)	71.6% [28/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel lonely at school (2018)	23.5% [1/37 countries]

High school students - family support> [3]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support their educational efforts and achievements (2018)	85.4% [12/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support them when they are facing difficulties at school (2018)	82.3% [12/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents encourage them to be confident (2018)	81.3% [16/36 countries]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

	Turkiye
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped a whole school day in the last two weeks (2018)	50.5% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped some classes in the last two weeks (2018)	46.1% [2/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever arrived late for school in the last two weeks (2018)	46.3% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been made fun of by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	26.4% [15/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been left out of things by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	29.3% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been threatened by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	19.4% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose belongings have ever been taken away or destroyed by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	18.6% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been hit or pushed around by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	17.4% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose nasty rumours have ever been spread by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	27.7% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who are irritated when nobody defends bullied students (2018)	77.5% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a good thing to help students who can�ft defend themselves (2018)	81.5% [14/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a wrong thing to join in bullying (2018)	77.3% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel bad seeing other students bullied (2018)	82.2% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who like to see someone standing up for bullied students (2018)	78.9% [25/38 countries]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

	Turkiye
Average hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	4.53 [9/38 countries]
Dispersion (S.E.) of hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	0.124 [8/38 countries]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

	Turkiye
% of 15 year old students who definitely check brochure to check how to get to the zoo (2012)	49.4% [6/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely study a map and work out the best route (2012)	38.7% [12/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely leave it to their brother to worry about how to get there (2012)	12.7% [5/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely suggest just to start driving (2012)	28.3% [7/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely check similarities with the machines they have used when the ticket machine is new (2012)	40.1% [7/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try out all the buttons to see what happens when the ticket machine is new (2012)	13.8% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely ask someone for help when the ticket machine is new (2012)	52.3% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try to find a ticket office when the ticket machine is new (2012)	37.9% [8/38 countries]

University> [16]

	Turkiye
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	22.0% [36/38 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	6.1% [19/34 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	15.9% [34/34 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	35.3% [30/38 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	9.9% [14/30 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	25.4% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that only students from the best secondary schools can obtain a university education (2009)	60.8% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that only the rich can afford a university education (2009)	50.8% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that university is open to every gender, ethnicity or social background (2009)	51.6% [23/30 countries]
Private spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	24.9% [19/35 countries]
Household spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	12.5% [20/33 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2016)	91.7% [9/25 countries]
Students studying abroad as % of the total tertiary enrolment in that country (2011)	1.33% [22/31 countries]
Number of researchers in higher education (per thousand employment) (2009)	1.46 [29/32 countries]
Number of doctoral graduates (2009)	4,253 [12/30 countries]
Graduation rates at doctorate level (2009)	0.36 [31/33 countries]

Mass media> [10]

	Turkiye
% of respondents reporting high levels of trust in media	23.0% (2010) [31/34 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2014)	3.1% [23/26 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for less than 1 hour per day (2007)	36.1% [2/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for more than 2 hours per day (2007)	23.8% [16/17 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2013)	58.8% [3/26 countries]
Daily newspapers: number of titles (2004)	588 [2/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Number of titles per 1 million inhabitants (2004)	8.16 [9/35 countries]
Newspaper journalists (headcounts)	8,652 (2006) [8/26 countries]
Newspaper journalists (headcounts) per 1,000,000 inhabitants	117.0 (2006) [23/26 countries]
Ratio of female newspaper journalists (male=100)	29.5 (2006) [11/12 countries]