Global Japanese Data Rankings

Education in general> [31]

	Spain
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.6% [24/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.6% [24/30 countries]
% of general government expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	64.7% [23/36 countries]
% of household expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	30.8% [10/34 countries]
% of those who think that education is the most important issue for their country (2010)	15.8% [11/28 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2016)	89.5% [1/25 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (2006)	86.8% [4/23 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in education (1996)	74.3% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	94.6% [9/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide school education for children (2016)	1.3% [18/25 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	23.2% [11/30 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (1999)	7.6% [18/21 countries]
% of those who think it is fair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	14.7% [15/25 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	58.8% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (1999)	83.9% [1/21 countries]
% of those who think it is unfair that the rich can afford better education for their children (2011)	70.5% [6/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2018)	85.3% [11/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2011)	75.3% [17/25 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the educational system (5 choices) (2008)	82.7% [19/30 countries]
% of those who speak only one language well enough to hold a conversation in (2017)	54.7% [9/20 countries]
Literacy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	252 [27/31 countries]
Numeracy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	252 [27/31 countries]
% of those who like learning new things (2011-2017)	81.6% [5/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new ideas to real life (2011-2017)	44.4% [7/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new things to existing knowledge (2011-2017)	63.8% [11/28 countries]
% of those who like to solve difficult problems (2011-2017)	62.7% [10/28 countries]
% of those who like to fit different ideas together (2011-2017)	47.6% [18/28 countries]
% of those who look for additional information to understand things (2011-2017)	81.5% [2/28 countries]
Time in school or classes (men and women, minutes per day per person)	17.9 (2009/10) [19/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (men, minutes per day per person)	18.5 (2009/10) [19/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (women, minutes per day per person)	17.2 (2009/10) [20/29 countries]

Pre-primary education> [2]

	Spain
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 0 to 2 year old	36.4% (2017) [19/37 countries]
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 3 to 5 year old	97.1% (2017) [8/37 countries]

Pre-primary education at home> [18]

	Spain
% of the parents who often read books to their child before they began primary school (2019)	48.4% [19/24 countries]
% of the parents who often told stories to their child before they began primary school (2019)	57.9% [8/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	68.1% [4/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with alphabet toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	48.4% [9/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	65.5% [19/24 countries]
% of the parents who often talked about what they had read to their child before they began primary school (2019)	27.1% [21/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played word games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	44.2% [5/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote letters or words to their child before they began primary school (2019)	54.3% [6/24 countries]
% of the parents who often read aloud signs and labels to their child before they began primary school (2019)	60.3% [3/24 countries]
% of the parents who often sang counting songs to their child before they began primary school (2019)	26.9% [20/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with number toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	42.1% [12/24 countries]
% of the parents who often counted different things to their child before they began primary school (2019)	63.0% [14/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played games involving shapes with their child before they began primary school (2019)	64.2% [15/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played with building blocks or construction toys with their child before they began primary school (2019)	66.4% [17/24 countries]
% of the parents who often played board or card games with their child before they began primary school (2019)	44.0% [15/24 countries]
% of the parents who often wrote numbers to their child before they began primary school (2019)	51.7% [7/24 countries]
% of the parents who often drew shapes to their child before they began primary school (2019)	48.8% [9/24 countries]
% of the parents who often measured or weighed things with their child before they began primary school (2019)	11.7% [18/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on letters> [7]

	Spain
% of the children who could recognize most of the letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	62.7% [4/24 countries]
% of the children who could read some words very well when they began primary school (2019)	50.7% [5/24 countries]
% of the children who could read sentences very well when they began primary school (2019)	38.3% [4/24 countries]
% of the children who could read a story very well when they began primary school (2019)	25.7% [4/24 countries]
% of the children who could write letters of the alphabet very well when they began primary school (2019)	55.5% [3/24 countries]
% of the children who could write his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	77.3% [4/24 countries]
% of the children who could write words other than his/her name very well when they began primary school (2019)	49.0% [3/24 countries]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [5]

	Spain
% of the children who could count by himself/ herself up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	38.4% [8/24 countries]
% of the children who could recognize written numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	34.6% [8/24 countries]
% of the children who could write numbers up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	32.7% [5/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple addition up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	80.1% [8/24 countries]
% of the children who could do simple subtraction up to 100 or higher when they began primary school (2019)	63.7% [9/24 countries]

Primary school> [7]

	Spain
Average class size in primary education (public and private)	21.9 (2018) [11/31 countries]
Average class size in primary education (public) (2018)	20.9 [18/34 countries]
Average class size in primary education (private)	24.3 (2018) [6/31 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public and private) (2018)	13.6 [20/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public) (2018)	12.6 [23/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (private) (2018)	16.4 [10/36 countries]
Annual number of hours of compulsory instruction in primary education (2019)	792 [17/35 countries]

Primary school students - home> [3]

	Spain
% of Grade 4 students who have their own room (2019)	77.1% [13/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have internet connection at home (2019)	93.3% [20/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who have their own mobile phone (2019)	47.2% [21/28 countries]

Primary school students - school life> [28]

	Spain
% of Grade 4 students who are absent from school once a week (2019)	6.5% [13/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel tired when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	36.3% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who feel hungry when they arrive at school everyday/ almost everyday (2019)	24.1% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2019)	51.4% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like being in school (2011)	50.0% [6/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2019)	76.7% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel safe at school (2011)	64.1% [8/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2019)	74.3% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they feel like they belong at the school (2011)	73.4% [4/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that teachers at their school are fair to them (2019)	71.4% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are proud to go to their school (2019)	78.8% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2019)	47.2% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made fun of them or called them names (2011)	58.6% [16/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2019)	41.3% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students left them out of games or activities (2011)	44.4% [16/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2019)	44.6% [12/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students spread lies about them (2011)	50.3% [12/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2019)	28.3% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students stole something from them (2011)	28.5% [14/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students damaged something of theirs on purpose (2019)	23.1% [13/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2019)	43.9% [14/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students hit or hurt them (2011)	51.1% [12/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2019)	28.9% [9/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students made them do things they didn't want to do (2011)	30.1% [8/26 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students sent them nasty or hurtful messages online (2019)	10.6% [21/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared nasty or hurtful things about them online (2019)	9.6% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students shared embarrassing photos of them online (2019)	4.9% [16/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that other students threatened them (2019)	30.1% [6/28 countries]

Primary school students - mathematics> [34]

	Spain
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2019)	502 [25/28 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2015)	505 [19/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2011)	482 [22/24 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	55.4% [21/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	57.0% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	21.4% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	14.1% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	70.8% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	55.2% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	41.8% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	41.7% [12/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	30.2% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	44.4% [8/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	56.5% [13/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	68.5% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	76.3% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	86.0% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	83.2% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	87.8% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students donft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	23.4% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	31.9% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	15.1% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost everymathematics lesson (2019)	41.0% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	32.9% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	37.9% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	60.1% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	21.6% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at mathematics (2019)	17.6% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	47.8% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	20.7% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	30.0% [9/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	37.8% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	21.0% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	19.4% [3/28 countries]

Primary school students - science> [26]

	Spain
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2019)	511 [22/28 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2015)	518 [16/24 countries]
Average score of science achievement of 4th grade (2011)	505 [20/24 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who conduct science experiments at least once a week (2019)	16.2% [19/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning science (2019)	60.8% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study science (2019)	20.5% [1/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is boring (2019)	12.2% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in science (2019)	74.8% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like science very much (2019)	60.3% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	74.8% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to learning science (2019)	47.5% [12/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science teaches them how things in the world work (2019)	74.8% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	46.0% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in science lessons (2019)	54.5% [10/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in science lessons (2019)	71.4% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in science lessons (2019)	79.1% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining science (2019)	83.4% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in science lessons (2019)	80.1% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in science lessons (2019)	83.7% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in science (2019)	64.4% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	15.6% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at science (2019)	15.7% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in science (2019)	53.1% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at science (2019)	38.8% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	17.2% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that science makes them confused (2019)	14.3% [3/28 countries]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

	Spain
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in mathematics during the last 12 months (2019)	17.9% [7/23 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who attended extra lessons or tutoring not provided by the school in science during the last 12 months (2019)	11.0% [4/23 countries]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [8]

	Spain
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their childfs school does a good job including them in their childfs education (2019)	64.4% [4/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school provides a safe environment (2019)	72.4% [5/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their childfs school cares about their child's progress in school (2019)	73.6% [3/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job informing them of his/her progress (2019)	71.3% [2/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school promotes high academic standards (2019)	44.5% [8/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in reading (2019)	68.9% [4/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in mathematics (2019)	61.8% [6/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their child's school does a good job in helping him/her become better in science (2019)	58.1% [6/23 countries]

Primary school - future educational plan> [2]

	Spain
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish undergraduate or postgraduate degree (2019)	84.8% [3/23 countries]
% of the parents of Grade 4 students who expect their child to finish postgraduate degree (2019)	38.7% [8/23 countries]

Lower secondary school> [5]

	Spain
Average class size in lower secondary education (public and private)	25.4 (2018) [9/32 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (public)	24.9 (2018) [11/33 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (private)	26.4 (2018) [3/32 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public and private) (2018)	11.9 [16/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public) (2018)	10.7 [22/34 countries]

Lower secondary school students - home> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [0]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [0]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [0]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [0]

Lower secondary education teachers> [43]

	Spain
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	36.71 [19/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2013)	37.63 [11/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	19.56 [18/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2013)	18.60 [15/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	6.24 [22/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2013)	6.60 [15/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	2.52 [17/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2013)	2.68 [16/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	5.23 [5/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2013)	6.11 [2/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	1.75 [23/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2013)	1.53 [19/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	1.47 [13/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2013)	1.73 [9/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	1.67 [29/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2013)	1.76 [23/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	1.74 [13/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.37 [14/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2013)	1.49 [11/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	0.99 [24/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2013)	0.86 [21/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	1.38 [26/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachears who think that the teaching profession is valued in society (2013)	8.47% [21/24 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	74.51% [17/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	80.43% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	93.61% [10/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	89.13% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	44.17% [7/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	65.37% [13/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	45.86% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	41.06% [20/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	81.07% [10/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	81.78% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	77.41% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	72.78% [6/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	81.24% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	76.74% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	33.03% [8/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	51.37% [15/30 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	19.92% [14/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	90.23% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	87.04% [10/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	96.07% [10/31 countries]

High school students - Performance> [9]

	Spain
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2015)	496 [21/38 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2000)	493 [18/30 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2018)	481.39 [28/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2015)	486 [25/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2000)	476 [21/30 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2018)	483.25 [25/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2015)	493 [22/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2000)	491 [19/30 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have ever repeated a grade (2009)	35.3% [3/37 countries]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

	Spain
% of 15-year-old students who have a computer they can use for school work in their home (2018)	91.1% [20/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have classic literature in their home (2018)	56.4% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have books of poetry in their home (2018)	45.7% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have works of art (e.g. paintings) in their home (2018)	63.5% [22/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have musical instruments (e.g. guitar, piano) in their home (2018)	27.7% [27/38 countries]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [53]

	Spain
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2018)	37.1% [5/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2009)	26.5% [23/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2018)	40.2% [5/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2009)	25.9% [28/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2018)	38.8% [1/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2009)	27.5% [19/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2018)	20.4% [8/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2009)	16.9% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2018)	32.3% [4/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2009)	27.3% [12/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows an interest in every student's learning in their language lessons (2018)	74.3% [16/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher gives extra help when students need it in their language lessons (2018)	68.3% [31/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students with their learning in their language lessons (2018)	78.8% [20/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher continues teaching until the students understands in their language lessons (2018)	70.6% [19/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher sets clear goals for our learning in their language lessons (2018)	70.2% [21/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher asks questions to check whether they have understood what was taught in their language lessons (2018)	70.1% [26/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher presents a short summary of the previous lesson in their language lessons (2018)	30.4% [34/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher tells us what we have to learn in their language lessons (2018)	64.8% [37/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher make them feel confident in their ability in their language lessons (2018)	71.5% [17/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher listen to their view in their language lessons (2018)	64.9% [21/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who felt that their teacher understand them in their language lessons (2018)	64.5% [30/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher adapts the lesson to their class's needs and knowledge in their language lessons (2018)	53.2% [22/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher provides individual help when a student has difficulties understanding a topic or task in their language lessons (2018)	44.4% [29/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher changes the structure of the lesson on a topic that most students find difficult to understand in their language lessons (2018)	40.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher gives them feedback on their strengths in their language lessons (2018)	24.7% [30/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them in which areas they can still improve in their language lessons (2018)	37.7% [24/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them how they can improve their performance in their language lessons (2018)	38.8% [26/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear to them that their teacher liked teaching them in their language lessons (2018)	73.5% [14/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the enthusiasm of the teacher inspired them in their language lessons (2018)	53.1% [17/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear that the teacher likes to deal with the topic of the lesson in their language lessons (2018)	78.7% [13/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the teacher showed enjoyment in teaching in their language lessons (2018)	70.8% [19/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include diagrams or maps for school (2018)	17.6% [26/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read fiction (e.g., novels, short stories) for school (2018)	20.5% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include tables or graphs for school (2018)	25.7% [17/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read digital texts including links for school (2018)	19.1% [15/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2018)	46.1% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2009)	53.5% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2018)	24.5% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2009)	26.5% [32/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2018)	41.9% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2009)	39.6% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2018)	44.5% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2009)	54.1% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have read a text of more than 100 pages in their language lessons (2018)	50.0% [15/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a summary of the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	62.6% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to list and write a short description of the main characters in their language lessons (2018)	57.6% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to discuss in small groups with other students who read the same book or chapter in their language lessons (2018)	25.0% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to give their personal thoughts about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	68.0% [30/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to answer questions about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	78.1% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the content of the book or the chapter with their own experience in their language lessons (2018)	19.9% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the book with other books or texts on a similar topic in their language lessons (2018)	24.0% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to select a passage they liked or disliked and explain why in their language lessons (2018)	39.8% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a text related to what they have read in their language lessons (2018)	36.3% [36/38 countries]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

	Spain
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use keywords when using a search engine (2018)	39.8% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to decide whether to trust information from the Internet (2018)	66.1% [17/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to compare different web pages and decide what information is more relevant (2018)	57.1% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school to understand the consequences of making information publicly available online (2018)	80.7% [7/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use the short description below the links in the list of results of a search (2018)	35.3% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect whether the information is subjective or biased (2018)	44.9% [30/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect phishing or spam emails (2018)	35.0% [24/38 countries]

High school students - Reading> [23]

	Spain
% of 15 year old students who read only if they have to (2018)	42.3% [29/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is one of their favourite hobbies (2018)	35.1% [14/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who like talking about books with other people (2018)	40.3% [8/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is a waste of time (2018)	22.1% [29/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who I read only to get information that they need (2018)	44.3% [34/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read magazines several times a week (2018)	3.8% [21/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2018)	4.6% [15/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2009)	4.6% [28/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2018)	12.8% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2009)	12.0% [22/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read non-fiction books (informational, documentary) several times a week (2018)	5.9% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2018)	7.9% [28/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2009)	23.9% [33/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often in paper format (2018)	33.7% [25/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often on digital devices (2018)	13.1% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices (2018)	13.1% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spend more than 1 hour a day reading for enjoyment (2018)	15.7% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are good readers (2018)	60.8% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are able to understand difficult texts (2018)	62.7% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they read fluently (2018)	78.2% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have always had difficulty with reading (2018)	15.1% [28/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have to read a text several times before completely understanding it (2018)	45.8% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that I find it difficult to answer questions about a text (2018)	20.3% [28/38 countries]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

	Spain
% of 15-year olds who read emails several times a day (2018)	7.9% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who chat on line several times a day (2018)	85.2% [3/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read online news several times a day (2018)	27.4% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search information online to learn about a particular topic several times a day (2018)	19.1% [33/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who take part in online group discussions or forums several times a day (2018)	10.1% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search for practical information online several times a day (2018)	18.5% [25/38 countries]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

	Spain
% of those who agree that there were many words they could not understand in the PISA test (2018)	17.6% [19/38 countries]
% of those who agree that many texts were too difficult for them in the PISA test (2018)	14.1% [25/38 countries]
% of those who agree that they were lost when they had to navigate between different pages in the PISA test (2018)	12.5% [34/38 countries]

High school students - learning method> [11]

	Spain
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of concentrating on the parts of the text that are easy to understand as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.16 [26/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of quickly reading through the text twice as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	2.62 [31/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of discussing its content with other people after reading the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.34 [25/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of underlining important parts of the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.40 [5/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of summarising the text in their own words as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.52 [1/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text aloud to another person as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.27 [5/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking that each paragraph is covered in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.37 [9/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of I trying to copy out accurately as many sentences as possible as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	2.18 [28/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text as many times as possible before writing the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.82 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of carefully checking whether the most important facts in the text are represented in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.46 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading through the text, underlining the most important sentences, and then writing them in their own words as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.50 [3/38 countries]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

	Spain
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of answering the email and asking for more information as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.89 [12/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the senderfs email address as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	4.02 [15/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of clicking on the link to fill out the form as soon as possible as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.37 [9/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of deleting the email without clicking on the link as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.92 [28/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the website of the mobile phone operator as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.92 [12/38 countries]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

	Spain
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get a good job (2018)	84.8% [15/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get into a good college (2018)	82.5% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school is important (2018)	88.5% [9/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who find satisfaction in working as hard as they can (2018)	86.0% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who persist until a task is finished once they start (2018)	71.9% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy doing things when they improve on their past performance (2018)	85.8% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who would rather keep struggling to master something if they are not good at than move on to something they may be good at (2018)	68.5% [9/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who worry about what others think of when they are failing (2018)	48.3% [27/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who are afraid that they might not have enough talent when they are failing (2018)	50.2% [23/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who doubt their plans for the future when they are failing (2018)	45.5% [26/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they canft change their intelligence very much (2018)	36.2% [17/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy working in situations involving competition with others (2018)	63.2% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that it is important for them to perform better than other people on a task (2018)	53.0% [27/38 countries]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [9]

	Spain
% of 15-year-olds who try harder when they are in competition with other people (2018)	72.5% [14/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value competition (2018)	46.4% [16/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are competing with each other (2018)	40.0% [24/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that competing with each other is important (2018)	37.0% [22/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students feel that they are being compared with others (2018)	46.3% [22/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value cooperation (2018)	43.4% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are cooperating with each other (2018)	48.2% [30/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that cooperating with each other is important (2018)	46.0% [31/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they are encouraged to cooperate with others (2018)	47.5% [29/38 countries]

High school students - meaning of life> [3]

	Spain
% of 15-year-olds who think that their life has clear meaning or purpose (2018)	66.8% [13/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have discovered a satisfactory meaning in life (2018)	62.6% [15/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have a clear sense of what gives meaning to their life (2018)	64.5% [16/34 countries]

High school students - feeling> [9]

	Spain
% of 15-year-olds who always feel happy (2018)	49.1% [4/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel scared (2018)	1.9% [31/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel lively (2018)	39.4% [7/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel miserable (2018)	3.8% [24/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel proud (2018)	21.8% [10/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel afraid (2018)	12.1% [7/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel joyful (2018)	49.0% [7/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel sad (2018)	3.4% [29/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel cheerful (2018)	49.8% [3/33 countries]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

	Spain
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to learn as much as possible (2018)	45.0% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to completely master the material presented in their classes (2018)	33.1% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to understand the content of their classes as thoroughly as possible (2018)	49.9% [27/38 countries]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

	Spain
% of 15-year olds who usually manage one way or another (2018)	79.4% [30/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel proud that they have accomplished things (2018)	86.4% [11/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel that they can handle many things at a time (2018)	76.2% [2/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who can usually find their way out in a difficult situation (2018)	78.1% [27/37 countries]

High school students - feeling at school> [6]

	Spain
% of 15-year olds who feel like an outsider (or left out of things) (2018)	10.8% [34/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who make friends easily at school (2018)	75.5% [6/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel like they belong at school. (2018)	80.5% [1/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel awkward and out of place in their school. (2018)	12.8% [34/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that other students seem to like them (2018)	80.6% [8/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel lonely at school (2018)	9.1% [35/37 countries]

High school students - family support> [3]

	Spain
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support their educational efforts and achievements (2018)	76.0% [32/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support them when they are facing difficulties at school (2018)	74.4% [32/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents encourage them to be confident (2018)	74.8% [31/36 countries]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

	Spain
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped a whole school day in the last two weeks (2018)	25.8% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped some classes in the last two weeks (2018)	31.6% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever arrived late for school in the last two weeks (2018)	38.0% [33/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been made fun of by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	14.1% [33/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been left out of things by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	25.3% [33/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been threatened by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	11.4% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose belongings have ever been taken away or destroyed by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	15.9% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been hit or pushed around by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	11.9% [31/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose nasty rumours have ever been spread by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	20.4% [32/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who are irritated when nobody defends bullied students (2018)	73.7% [18/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a good thing to help students who canft defend themselves (2018)	77.2% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a wrong thing to join in bullying (2018)	75.4% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel bad seeing other students bullied (2018)	76.5% [21/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who like to see someone standing up for bullied students (2018)	77.9% [27/38 countries]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

	Spain
Average hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	3.72 [23/38 countries]
Dispersion (S.E.) of hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	0.067 [31/38 countries]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

	Spain
% of 15 year old students who definitely check brochure to check how to get to the zoo (2012)	43.3% [11/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely study a map and work out the best route (2012)	24.6% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely leave it to their brother to worry about how to get there (2012)	8.7% [28/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely suggest just to start driving (2012)	22.5% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely check similarities with the machines they have used when the ticket machine is new (2012)	32.3% [15/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try out all the buttons to see what happens when the ticket machine is new (2012)	12.1% [10/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely ask someone for help when the ticket machine is new (2012)	29.6% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try to find a ticket office when the ticket machine is new (2012)	33.1% [15/38 countries]

University> [21]

	Spain
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	39.7% [21/38 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	12.1% [7/34 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained Bachelorfs or higher (2020)	27.6% [24/34 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	47.4% [16/38 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	14.0% [5/30 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained Bachelorfs or higher (2020)	33.3% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that only students from the best secondary schools can obtain a university education (2009)	22.3% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that only the rich can afford a university education (2009)	20.2% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that university is open to every gender, ethnicity or social background (2009)	57.6% [15/30 countries]
Private spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	31.8% [13/35 countries]
Household spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	28.8% [9/33 countries]
Average tuition fees charged by public institutions (10,000 JPY) (2008-2009)	12.1 [11/22 countries]
% of students who benefit from public loans and/or scholarships/grants (2008-2009)	33.6% [10/17 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2016)	97.7% [1/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (2006)	98.1% [3/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for giving financial help to university students from low-income families (1996)	98.5% [1/18 countries]
% of international students in tertiary enrolments (2010)	3.0% [19/25 countries]
Students studying abroad as % of the total tertiary enrolment in that country (2011)	1.33% [22/31 countries]
Number of researchers in higher education (per thousand employment) (2009)	3.30 [14/32 countries]
Number of doctoral graduates (2009)	7,915 [7/30 countries]
Graduation rates at doctorate level (2009)	1.01 [26/33 countries]

Mass media> [12]

	Spain
% of respondents reporting high levels of trust in media	52.4% (2010) [7/34 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2014)	8.6% [16/26 countries]
% of those who have contacted or appeared in the media to express their views (2004)	8.1% [21/29 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for less than 1 hour per day (2007)	38.6% [1/17 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who watch television and videos for more than 2 hours per day (2007)	22.6% [17/17 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2013)	40.0% [12/26 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2003)	47.9% [8/27 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (1995)	56.3% [2/20 countries]
Daily newspapers: number of titles (2004)	151 [4/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Number of titles per 1 million inhabitants (2004)	3.53 [17/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation (2004)	6,183,000 [7/31 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitants (2004)	144 [24/31 countries]

	Spain
Voter turnout in the national election	71.8% (2019) [13/38 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2014)	5.58 [18/26 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2014)	31.6% [26/26 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2014)	73.6% [6/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2013)	28.0% [21/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2003)	66.0% [12/27 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (1995)	53.8% [13/20 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	25.7% [13/29 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	15.8% [20/22 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	23.0% [12/17 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	10.9% [13/29 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	16.0% [7/22 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	10.9% [8/17 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy works well in their country today (2014)	4.43 [24/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy worked well in their country 10 years ago (2014)	5.58 [15/26 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy will work well in their country 10 years from now (2014)	4.74 [23/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2014)	6.80 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2004)	6.70 [2/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2014)	6.66 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2004)	6.53 [3/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2014)	6.40 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2004)	6.32 [6/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2014)	4.84 [11/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2004)	5.04 [9/29 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that governments respect democratic rights whatever the circumstances (2014)	6.73 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people convicted of serious crimes lose their citizen rights (2014)	4.91 [16/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that long-term residents of a country, who are not citizens, have the right to vote in that countryfs national elections (2014)	5.18 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens have the right not to vote (2014)	5.98 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that health care be provided for everyone (2014)	6.54 [14/26 countries]

	Spain
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	350 [10/38 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	75,444 [12/38 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	42.41% [10/38 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	22.86% [20/38 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	50.0% [6/38 countries]
Average age of cabinet members (2018)	54.71 [13/35 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2014)	16.7% [19/26 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2010)	24.0% [15/29 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2004)	32.8% [10/29 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for what they can get out of it personally (2010)	67.3% [10/29 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2016)	87.4% [1/25 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2006)	57.7% [6/23 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2014)	74.6% [5/26 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2004)	55.6% [16/29 countries]

	Spain
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2014)	30.5% [12/26 countries]
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2004)	38.3% [10/29 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2014)	75.7% [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2004)	54.3% [13/29 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2014)	5.0% [20/26 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2004)	5.9% [16/27 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2001)	4.6% [16/20 countries]
% of those who think that people who vote for the party/the parties in government have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	7.2% [22/25 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2014)	4.46 [4/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2004)	4.46 [7/29 countries]

	Spain
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2018)	43.8% [18/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2008)	57.7% [13/30 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (1998)	60.8% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2016)	5.7% [25/25 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2006)	13.7% [16/23 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (1996)	16.4% [12/18 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2014)	10.3% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2004)	12.1% [21/27 countries]

	Spain
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2016)	2.75 [17/24 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2006)	2.51 [22/25 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (1996)	2.37 [20/20 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2014)	39.3% [20/26 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2004)	31.7% [26/27 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is left (2014)	18.1% [2/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is center (2014)	56.2% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is right (2014)	6.4% [26/26 countries]
Average of political position (2014)	4.49 [26/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	52.9% [12/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2004)	43.6% [20/29 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2014)	27.3% [10/18 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2004)	16.7% [12/16 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2014)	40.1% [3/18 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2004)	34.5% [2/16 countries]
% of those who use the media to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	75.5% [9/26 countries]
% of those who never use the media to obtain political news or information (2014)	5.6% [8/26 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2014)	70.6% [1/18 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2004)	52.4% [5/16 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2014)	6.6% [13/18 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2004)	7.7% [4/16 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2014)	30.1% [6/18 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2004)	22.5% [8/16 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2014)	44.6% [5/18 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2004)	36.5% [2/16 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	22.6% [9/17 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2004)	3.4% [10/16 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2014)	57.8% [3/17 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2004)	80.2% [6/16 countries]
% of those who have expressed political views on the internet (2014)	12.5% [13/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2014)	28.5% [17/26 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2004)	25.4% [25/29 countries]
% of young people (-29) who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	0.6% [1/26 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2014)	28.6% [12/26 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2006)	42.4% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2004)	30.6% [15/29 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (1996)	50.2% [5/20 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2016)	39.1% [18/25 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2014)	63.6% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2006)	37.5% [15/23 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2004)	53.1% [14/27 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (1996)	39.0% [14/18 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2017)	15.0% [20/21 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2016)	63.0% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2014)	63.6% [5/26 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2006)	62.8% [8/23 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2004)	57.0% [13/27 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2001)	32.5% [12/13 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (1996)	71.4% [6/18 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (2006)	26.7% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (1996)	26.6% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that citizens in general has the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	4.3% [24/25 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2014)	73.5% [3/26 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2004)	55.0% [19/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2014)	5.47 [13/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2004)	5.23 [20/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2014)	6.08 [1/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2004)	5.80 [9/29 countries]

	Spain
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2014)	42.6% [6/26 countries]
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2004)	36.3% [13/29 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2014)	16.9% [16/26 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2004)	14.1% [21/29 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2014)	32.5% [15/26 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2004)	25.3% [25/29 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2014)	53.5% [16/26 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2004)	46.1% [20/29 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2014)	5.40 [2/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2004)	5.36 [2/29 countries]
% of those who take part in activities of political parties, political groups or associations once a month or more (2017)	2.1% [16/21 countries]
% of those who never take part in activities of political parties, political groups or associations (2017)	91.7% [3/21 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2014)	28.5% [10/26 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2004)	30.1% [13/29 countries]
% of those who would attend a public meeting organized to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	57.1% [12/18 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2016)	89.8% [10/25 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2006)	86.4% [16/23 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (1996)	84.6% [12/18 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2014)	48.8% [1/26 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2004)	55.0% [2/29 countries]
% of those who would go on a protest march or demonstration to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	57.9% [6/18 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2016)	90.3% [6/25 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2006)	88.6% [5/23 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (1996)	84.1% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2016)	49.0% [20/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2006)	32.1% [23/23 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (1996)	43.1% [15/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	12.3% [17/26 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2004)	9.1% [20/27 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2016)	61.8% [17/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2006)	45.4% [21/23 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (1996)	54.2% [15/18 countries]

	Spain
Employment in general government as % of total employment	15.58% (2019) [21/33 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	46.61% [2/36 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2016)	15.4% [22/25 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2006)	26.6% [9/23 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (1996)	24.4% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2014)	47.1% [20/25 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2004)	50.3% [21/29 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	76.4 [27/38 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2014)	27.3% [15/26 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2006)	21.3% [16/23 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2004)	38.3% [12/27 countries]
% of those who think that many public officials are involved in corruption (2016)	49.7% [7/25 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2016)	88.7% [8/25 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2006)	90.9% [5/26 countries]
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	47.5% [13/21 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	10.8% [2/21 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	28.3% [5/21 countries]

	Spain
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	48.9% [10/38 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.93% [29/38 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	114% [6/38 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2016)	46.9% [21/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2006)	56.0% [16/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (1996)	85.1% [5/18 countries]
General government expenditures for General public services, as % of GDP (2020)	5.9% [13/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Defence, as % of GDP (2020)	0.9% [22/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Public order and safety, as % of GDP (2020)	2.1% [7/30 countries]
General government expenditures for economic affairs, as % of GDP (2020)	6.6% [16/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Environment protection, as % of GDP (2020)	1.0% [7/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Housing and community amenities, as % of GDP (2020)	0.5% [14/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Health, as % of GDP (2020)	7.6% [16/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Recreation, culture and religion, as % of GDP (2020)	1.3% [13/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.6% [24/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.6% [24/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Social protection, as % of GDP (2020)	22.1% [9/30 countries]

	Spain
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	44% [11/38 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	21.0% [13/35 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	25.00% [14/38 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	9.9% [20/38 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	12.3% [12/38 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	2.5% [12/38 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	10.0% [26/38 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2016)	9.6% [24/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	32.7% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2006)	20.1% [14/23 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (1996)	20.6% [11/18 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2016)	69.6% [3/25 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	46.4% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2006)	46.8% [11/23 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (1996)	51.2% [5/18 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2009)	86.5% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (1999)	84.6% [6/21 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2014)	6.45 [4/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2004)	6.09 [11/29 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often make sure people pay their taxes (2016)	64.0% [20/25 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often treat everyone in accordance with the law, regardless of their contacts or position in society (2016)	19.8% [25/25 countries]

	Spain
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2013)	64.0% [9/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2003)	69.5% [8/27 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (1995)	53.5% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that the social benefits in their country make people lazy (2017)	46.5% [12/21 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2016)	78.7% [7/25 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2006)	82.5% [6/23 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (1996)	67.5% [8/18 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2016)	99.3% [1/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2006)	99.5% [2/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2001)	98.5% [7/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (1996)	98.9% [4/18 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2006)	35.8% [6/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	74.0% [10/21 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	80.1% [9/25 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	3.5% [15/21 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	4.6% [17/25 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	19.9% [5/21 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	14.4% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think "government agencies should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	46.7% [10/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	72.7% [5/31 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	100 [1/32 countries]
% of those who think that 1-6 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	38.3% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think that 7-12 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	40.8% [8/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	10.4% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	4.5% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think that the government should pay for parental leave (2012)	41.8% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think that the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	11.8% [8/31 countries]
% of those who think that both the government and the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	45.8% [17/31 countries]
% of those who think the employers should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	4.5% [7/31 countries]
% of those who think the family itself should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	45.1% [19/31 countries]
% of those who think the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	50.4% [12/31 countries]
% of those who think government agencies should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	30.0% [12/31 countries]
% of those who think that poverty is the most important issue for their country (2010)	5.7% [16/28 countries]
% of those who think that the government should spend less on benefits for the poor (2009)	15.8% [12/30 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2016)	95.2% [1/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2006)	95.8% [3/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (1996)	98.0% [1/18 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2014)	6.28 [2/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2004)	6.05 [5/29 countries]

	Spain
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2016)	72.2% [17/25 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2006)	73.1% [14/23 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (1996)	75.2% [11/18 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2016)	33.0% [25/25 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2006)	29.8% [21/23 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (1996)	35.8% [18/18 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2014)	6.21 [11/26 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2004)	6.17 [17/29 countries]
Extent to which people trust the courts (2017)	4.72 [18/21 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2018)	57.3% [19/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2008)	54.1% [27/30 countries]

	Spain
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	4,732.7 [11/38 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	0.1% [25/38 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	15.9% [17/38 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	14.2% [32/38 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	65.5% [12/38 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	20.3% [16/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	82.3 [9/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	85.1 [6/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	79.7 [13/38 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	94.7 [22/38 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	26.0 [17/31 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2010)	72.6% [3/29 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2000)	70.0% [6/19 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between young people and older people (1999)	20.1% [19/21 countries]
% of those who think that younger people should be medically prioritized over older people (2011)	51.6% [4/25 countries]

	Spain
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	1.9 (2020) [34/37 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	1.6 (2020) [27/37 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.84 [3/37 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	88.5% (2011) [11/36 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	90.9% (2011) [13/36 countries]
% of those who have lived together without getting married (1994)	7.9% [14/17 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (2002)	71.2% [9/25 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1998)	13.4% [16/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1994)	56.8% [10/18 countries]
% of those who lived with their husband or wife before they got married (1994)	7.2% [17/18 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (2002)	24.8% [18/25 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (1994)	33.0% [11/18 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (2002)	9.5% [6/25 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (1994)	14.5% [1/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2002)	35.7% [21/25 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (1994)	51.8% [14/18 countries]
% of those who think that the main purpose of marriage these days is to have children (1994)	35.7% [7/18 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (2002)	76.3% [10/25 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1998)	17.2% [16/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1994)	64.0% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (2002)	81.4% [2/25 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (1994)	78.0% [1/18 countries]
% of those who think that the main advantage of marriage is that it gives financial security (1994)	33.5% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2018)	69.1% [6/23 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2008)	65.6% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1998)	64.2% [6/24 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1994)	72.9% [4/18 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (2008)	10.7% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (1998)	15.8% [10/24 countries]
% of those who think that sex under 16 years old is always wrong (1994)	55.8% [10/18 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2018)	13.8% [19/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2008)	27.2% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1998)	33.1% [20/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1994)	42.7% [15/18 countries]

	Spain
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	1.23 [37/38 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	7.1 [35/38 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	32.3 [3/38 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (1994)	32.3% [13/18 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	4 [28/38 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	2.7 [24/38 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	3 [24/38 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	7.0 [20/38 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	47.3% [17/37 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (2008)	21.0% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (1998)	23.2% [9/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2018)	32.2% [15/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2008)	51.7% [11/29 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (1998)	50.4% [11/26 countries]

	Spain
% of children (aged 0-17) living with a single parent	15.6% (2018) [19/34 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2017)	64.5% [9/21 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2001)	79.5% [6/22 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (1994)	56.4% [1/19 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (2002)	46.9% [8/27 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (1994)	39.3% [7/19 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2002)	90.9% [11/27 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (1994)	93.9% [4/19 countries]
% of those who think that those with young children should be medically prioritized over those not (2011)	49.4% [6/25 countries]

	Spain
% of those who live with their brother/ sister, among those who have brother/ sister (2017)	2.9% [13/21 countries]
% of those who but do not live with their brother/ sister but contact frequently (2017)	73.9% [2/21 countries]
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	1.31% [33/37 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	79.7% [5/21 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	71.1% [2/21 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	79.6% [5/22 countries]
% of those who think that their family members put pressure on them about the way they live or organise their personal life (2017)	16.3% [16/21 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2017)	14.7% [18/21 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2001)	14.0% [22/22 countries]
% of those who face anger of their family or close friends (2017)	25.9% [10/21 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2012)	5.58 [14/31 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2002)	5.48 [18/27 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with the relationships with family members (7 steps) (2018)	5.88 [6/24 countries]
Fathers' time spent on physical care and child supervision (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	53.6 [3/20 countries]

	Spain
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15?49 years subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime (%) (2018)	15% [32/35 countries]

	Spain
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	14.6% [16/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	57,751 [15/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	12.3 [21/38 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2008)	73.2% [14/30 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2001)	38.2% [19/20 countries]
% of those who experience international migration (2008)	15.2% [11/30 countries]
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to find a place to live (2017)	64.0% [3/21 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to find a place to live (2017)	11.5% [14/21 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to find a place to live (2017)	11.4% [11/21 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2013)	3.3% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2003)	9.8% [11/27 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (1995)	8.5% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2013)	62.1% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2003)	51.5% [19/27 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (1995)	40.0% [19/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2013)	43.1% [18/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2003)	57.7% [9/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (1995)	28.0% [16/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigration is the most important issue for their country (2010)	3.2% [14/28 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2013)	44.9% [10/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2003)	49.2% [7/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (1995)	26.9% [11/20 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2013)	45.9% [10/26 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2003)	40.5% [13/27 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (1995)	45.0% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2013)	49.1% [10/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2003)	59.9% [6/27 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (1995)	59.8% [9/20 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2013)	58.9% [8/26 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2003)	52.6% [16/26 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (1995)	46.6% [13/20 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2013)	33.0% [15/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2003)	41.2% [12/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (1995)	58.6% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants should give up original culture and adopt their culture (2013)	9.6% [14/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2013)	17.0% [25/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2003)	31.9% [18/27 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (1995)	52.1% [8/20 countries]
% of those who agree that their country's culture is generally undermined by immigrants (2013)	24.0% [16/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2013)	19.5% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2003)	22.9% [24/27 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (1995)	29.1% [15/20 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2013)	82.6% [1/26 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2003)	74.2% [2/27 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2013)	65.5% [19/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2003)	52.6% [27/27 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (1995)	67.2% [15/15 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants should have equal access to public education (2013)	89.3% [6/26 countries]
% of those who think that people prejudiced against any racial or ethnic group should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	10.5% [23/26 countries]

	Spain
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	1,426.224 [10/38 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	30,090 [23/38 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	41,839 [27/38 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	29,740 [22/37 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	58.3 [19/35 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	22.0% [6/38 countries]
% of those who think that the economy is the most important issue for their country (2010)	43.1% [3/28 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	922 [15/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2016)	92.2% [4/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2006)	93.2% [6/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (1996)	95.8% [1/18 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2013)	27.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2003)	71.6% [9/27 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (1995)	41.3% [13/20 countries]

	Spain
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	119 [34/36 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	38.6% (2021) [14/36 countries]

	Spain
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	82 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	87 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	98 [21/38 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	87 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	87 [33/38 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	87 [31/38 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	90 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	82 [32/38 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	71 [36/38 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	90 [22/38 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [33/38 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [21/38 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	88 [15/38 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	98 [24/38 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	107 [8/38 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	90 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	74 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	85 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	59 [25/38 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	81 [22/38 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	0.35% [18/36 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2016)	84.0% [9/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2006)	91.0% [6/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (1996)	91.4% [4/18 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	31.1% [11/29 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2000)	26.7% [4/22 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	29.9% [3/17 countries]
% of those who would choose keeping down inflation rather than keeping down unemployment, (1996)	21.5% [14/15 countries]

	Spain
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.330 [23/35 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	14.2% [11/35 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	60.7% [13/30 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (1999)	64.8% [10/20 countries]
% of those who think that it is difficult for their household to make ends meet (2017)	33.9% [6/20 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	73.7% [10/31 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2002)	82.8% [4/27 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	15.5% [21/31 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2002)	9.9% [23/27 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2012)	16.2% [20/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2002)	11.8% [20/27 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2017)	83.6% [6/21 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	91.2% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (1999)	89.3% [8/21 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	51.8% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (1999)	32.2% [17/21 countries]
% of those who think that differences in peoplefs standard of living should be small for a society to be fair (2017)	84.8% [2/21 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2017)	80.2% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2010)	78.9% [6/29 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2009)	79.6% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2000)	80.4% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1999)	79.3% [6/21 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1996)	77.3% [3/18 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1993)	69.8% [6/16 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2016)	89.3% [4/25 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2006)	86.3% [5/23 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1998)	84.1% [10/24 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1996)	90.1% [1/18 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	79.7% [5/21 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	71.1% [2/21 countries]

	Spain
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	16.8% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	7.5% [18/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	41.2% [6/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	37.4% [4/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	21.5% [14/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	27.0% [4/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	17.0% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (1999)	25.0% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	3.5% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (1999)	3.1% [6/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	1.0% [14/29 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	1.5% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	7.3% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	6.8% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	14.2% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	12.7% [14/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	56.9% [14/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (1999)	49.4% [13/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	20.6% [21/30 countries]

	Spain
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	2.1% [29/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (1999)	3.0% [17/21 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	85.0% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (1999)	82.2% [1/21 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	35.1% [23/28 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	19.0% [8/27 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	12.9% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (1999)	14.8% [11/21 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	5.1% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	74.3% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	20.6% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	47.2% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (1999)	57.4% [2/21 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	16.8% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (1999)	12.9% [21/21 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	49.8% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (1999)	28.6% [21/21 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	32.4% [11/30 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	54.4% [3/21 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	53.1% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	69.5% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	57.6% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	68.4% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	52.4% [14/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	66.1% [5/21 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	27.9% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	7.4% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	10.5% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	7.1% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	9.7% [17/30 countries]

	Spain
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	11.5% (2021) [24/38 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	61.0% (2019) [14/34 countries]
% of employment of large companies (250 and more employees) in manufacturing	39.0% (2019) [21/34 countries]

	Spain
Tourism, % of GDP	12.4% (2019) [1/13 countries]
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	13.5% (2019) [3/31 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	71.2% (2019) [15/32 countries]
% of employment of large companies (250 and more employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	28.8% (2019) [18/32 countries]

	Spain
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	66.6% [2/21 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	22.3% [10/21 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	2.3% [20/21 countries]

	Spain
Extent to which people trust major private companies (2017)	4.78 [11/21 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2018)	69.6% [15/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2008)	71.1% [15/30 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (1998)	68.8% [14/26 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2010)	37.9% [21/29 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2000)	38.7% [17/20 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (1993)	57.3% [6/16 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies comply with laws and regulations (2016)	29.0% [23/25 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies try to avoid paying their taxes (2016)	71.0% [3/25 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2013)	66.6% [7/26 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2003)	65.5% [11/27 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2014)	28.4% [15/26 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2004)	22.3% [18/29 countries]

	Spain
New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64) (2020)	2.50 [22/31 countries]
Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) (2019)	3.9% [14/38 countries]

	Spain
% of those who think that business, banks and industry have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	46.5% [5/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2016)	38.3% [22/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2006)	35.3% [21/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (1996)	42.6% [17/18 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2016)	85.9% [8/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2006)	87.8% [9/23 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (1996)	87.5% [8/18 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2016)	82.7% [1/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2006)	81.6% [4/23 countries]

	Spain
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	79.1% [24/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	70.8% [21/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	93.5% [17/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	85.4% [11/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	62.5% [32/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	49.3% [27/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	4.0% [16/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	4.0% [16/38 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	20.4% [20/38 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	75.5% [16/38 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male and female	43.9% (2021) [8/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male	45.0% (2021) [7/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: female	42.6% (2021) [6/34 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2015)	81.3% [4/27 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2005)	70.8% [11/24 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (1997)	80.2% [3/20 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2015)	55.1% [8/27 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2005)	49.7% [7/24 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (1997)	54.5% [5/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2016)	82.4% [5/25 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2006)	82.1% [6/23 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1998)	88.1% [9/24 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1996)	90.8% [1/18 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2016)	96.0% [1/25 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2006)	96.5% [1/23 countries]

	Spain
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for promoting equality between men and women (2016)	97.0% [1/25 countries]
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	67.5% (2019) [26/34 countries]
Share of female managers	33.3% (2021) [22/34 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	32.6% [16/37 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2018)	10.1% [18/24 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2008)	15.8% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2002)	24.7% [13/27 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1998)	24.8% [17/26 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1994)	37.4% [7/19 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (2002)	33.4% [18/27 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1998)	40.6% [10/26 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1994)	30.6% [14/19 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (2002)	87.9% [4/27 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (1994)	84.4% [3/19 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (2002)	42.0% [15/27 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (1994)	49.3% [7/19 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (2002)	41.9% [14/27 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (1994)	49.9% [7/19 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (2002)	63.2% [17/27 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (1994)	56.2% [13/19 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (2002)	36.8% [12/27 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (1994)	36.3% [9/19 countries]
% of those who think that the mother and the father should each take half of paid parental leave (2012)	32.9% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take most of the paid leave period and the father should take some of it. (2012)	33.3% [21/31 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take the entire paid parental leave (2012)	33.5% [12/31 countries]
% of those who think that no paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	6.1% [20/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2012)	13.9% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2002)	18.7% [4/25 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (1994)	14.0% [4/19 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	12.1% [13/31 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work part-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	18.9% [6/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2012)	26.2% [20/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2002)	37.0% [17/25 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (1994)	46.7% [13/19 countries]
% of those who think that mother should stay at home and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	25.8% [20/31 countries]
% of those who think that mother should work part-time and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	42.2% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that both mother and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	50.0% [8/31 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that mother stay at home and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	18.1% [3/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2012)	53.6% [11/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2002)	37.0% [6/25 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (1994)	32.6% [5/19 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2012)	4.5% [16/31 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2002)	16.3% [8/25 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (1994)	22.7% [5/19 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	46.6% [27/31 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2002)	62.7% [11/27 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	68.0% [3/19 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	53.0% [5/31 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2002)	41.5% [15/27 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (1994)	37.7% [15/19 countries]

	Spain
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, men, % of total employed	12.9% (2020) [9/31 countries]
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, women, % of total employed	8.5% (2020) [10/31 countries]
% of those who think that employees have more job security than the self-employed (2005)	62.3% [8/24 countries]
% of those who think that being an employee interferes more with family life than self-employment (2005)	37.2% [6/24 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (2005)	69.5% [7/24 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (1997)	61.2% [6/20 countries]

	Spain
Part-time employment - male	6.4% (2021) [27/37 countries]
Part-time employment - female	20.7% (2021) [22/37 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	22.9% (2021) [5/36 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	27.5% (2021) [4/36 countries]
Temporary employment - 15-24 years as % of dependent employment	69.1% (2021) [1/36 countries]
% of those willing to accept temporary employment to avoid unemployment (2015)	73.0% [7/27 countries]
% of those willing to accept temporary employment to avoid unemployment (2005)	46.4% [20/24 countries]

	Spain
% of those who do any work for additional income in addition to their main job (2015)	11.2% [24/27 countries]
% of those who do any work for additional income in addition to their main job (2005)	6.2% [22/24 countries]