Global Japanese Data Rankings

Politics and government

Population and Family

Economy and industry

Work

Education and media

Education in general> [25]

Pre-primary education> [2]

Pre-primary education at home> [18]

Pre-primary education on letters> [7]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [5]

Primary school> [7]

Primary school students - home> [4]

Primary school students - school life> [29]

Primary school students - mathematics> [36]

	Italy
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2019)	515 [22/28 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2015)	507 [18/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2011)	508 [17/24 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2007)	507 [10/16 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 4th grade (2003)	503 [8/12 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	58.4% [13/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	48.4% [9/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	15.5% [12/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	9.2% [23/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	67.8% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	58.3% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	44.6% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	42.8% [11/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	38.4% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	51.2% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	50.6% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	46.6% [26/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	72.6% [7/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	85.1% [4/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	74.7% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	80.2% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students donft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	19.1% [15/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	32.4% [6/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	29.1% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost everymathematics lesson (2019)	37.7% [3/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	31.3% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	40.7% [2/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	54.5% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	17.2% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are just not good at mathematics (2019)	11.0% [12/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	45.3% [5/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	9.9% [17/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	29.1% [11/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	39.6% [11/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	13.4% [18/28 countries]
% of Grade 4 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	12.1% [12/28 countries]

Primary school students - science> [28]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [8]

Primary school - future educational plan> [2]

Lower secondary school> [6]

Lower secondary school students - home> [5]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [6]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [30]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [47]

	Italy
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2019)	497 [14/18 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2015)	494 [12/16 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2011)	498 [10/15 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2007)	480 [10/11 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (2003)	484 [11/13 countries]
Average score of mathematics achievement of 8th grade (1999)	479 [8/9 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who work problems on their own in every or almost every lesson (2019)	49.6% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they enjoy learning mathematics (2019)	22.6% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they wish they did not have to study mathematics (2019)	20.3% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is boring (2019)	19.1% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn many interesting things in mathematics (2019)	28.2% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like mathematics very much (2019)	28.4% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like any schoolwork that involves numbers (2019)	14.2% [6/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they like to solve mathematics problems (2019)	17.2% [10/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they look forward to mathematics lessons (2019)	8.6% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is one of their favorite subjects (2019)	24.5% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they know what their teacher expects them to do in mathematics lessons (2019)	36.8% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is easy to understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	31.9% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher has clear answers to their questions in mathematics lessons (2019)	48.2% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher is good at explaining mathematics (2019)	58.0% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher does a variety of things to help them learn in mathematics lessons (2019)	49.3% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher links new lessons to what they already know in mathematics lessons (2019)	40.1% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher explains a topic again when they don't understand in mathematics lessons (2019)	62.0% [4/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students donft listen to what the teacher says in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	20.9% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that there is disruptive noise in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	22.7% [9/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that it is too disorderly for students to work well in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	19.1% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to wait a long time for students to quiet down in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	24.0% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that students interrupt the teacher in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	20.9% [6/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who say that their teacher has to keep telling them to follow the classroom rules in every or almost every mathematics lesson (2019)	23.7% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they usually do well in mathematics (2019)	24.8% [11/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than for many of their classmates (2019)	19.6% [2/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is not one of their strengths (2019)	29.8% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they learn things quickly in mathematics (2019)	22.1% [5/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them nervous (2019)	16.9% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they are good at working out difficult mathematics problems (2019)	12.1% [9/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their teacher tells them they are good at mathematics (2019)	17.3% [9/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics is harder for them than any other subject (2019)	23.3% [3/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that mathematics makes them confused (2019)	19.0% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will help them in their daily life (2019)	44.4% [7/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need mathematics to learn other school subjects (2019)	20.8% [16/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get into the university of their choice (2019)	32.1% [18/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they need to do well in mathematics to get the job they want (2019)	30.6% [15/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that they would like a job that involves using mathematics (2019)	16.3% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to learn about mathematics to get ahead in the world (2019)	38.1% [8/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that learning mathematics will give them more job opportunities when they are adults (2019)	42.6% [12/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that their parents think that it is important that they do well in mathematics (2019)	48.3% [13/18 countries]
% of Grade 8 students who agree a lot that it is important to do well in mathematics (2019)	49.5% [12/18 countries]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [42]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [2]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [2]

Lower secondary education teachers> [44]

	Italy
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	29.96 [31/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2013)	29.41 [24/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	16.78 [30/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2013)	17.33 [23/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	5.08 [28/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2013)	5.00 [24/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	3.17 [8/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2013)	3.10 [10/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	3.66 [22/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2013)	4.23 [18/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	1.37 [27/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2013)	1.04 [24/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	1.09 [19/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2013)	1.04 [17/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	1.88 [22/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2013)	1.85 [22/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	1.80 [10/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.23 [20/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2013)	1.36 [15/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	1.00 [23/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2013)	0.85 [22/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	0.93 [30/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachears who think that the teaching profession is valued in society (2013)	12.46% [18/24 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	81.30% [7/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	82.82% [14/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	85.42% [24/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	93.37% [1/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	44.17% [7/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	67.72% [10/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	45.66% [19/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	43.27% [19/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	80.29% [12/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	74.65% [14/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	64.98% [15/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	50.39% [26/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	82.52% [9/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	85.46% [2/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	20.24% [24/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	46.60% [21/30 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	18.50% [15/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	91.00% [16/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	86.70% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	94.50% [17/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with the present job all in all (2018)	95.93% [3/31 countries]

High school students - Performance> [10]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [53]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

High school students - Reading> [23]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

High school students - learning method> [11]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [9]

High school students - meaning of life> [3]

High school students - feeling> [9]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

High school students - feeling at school> [6]

High school students - family support> [3]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

University> [18]

Mass media> [11]

Science and technology

Environment and energy

International relations

	Italy
Voter turnout in the national election	63.8% (2022) [23/38 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (1995)	25.7% [16/20 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	37.1% [5/17 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	8.2% [11/17 countries]

	Italy
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	400 [9/38 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	62,570 [17/38 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	32.25% [22/38 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	16.25% [31/38 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	36.4% [20/38 countries]

	Italy
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2018)	34.7% [22/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2008)	45.0% [22/30 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (1998)	37.1% [22/26 countries]

	Italy
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (1996)	2.92 [12/20 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (1996)	39.9% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (1996)	52.3% [7/18 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (1996)	72.3% [5/18 countries]

	Italy
% of those who would attend a public meeting organized to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	82.5% [2/18 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (1996)	91.7% [6/18 countries]
% of those who would go on a protest march or demonstration to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	73.4% [2/18 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (1996)	87.7% [5/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (1996)	61.2% [5/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (1996)	82.3% [1/18 countries]

	Italy
% of those who belong to a political party (2001)	11.0% [7/20 countries]

	Italy
Employment in general government as % of total employment	13.21% (2019) [25/33 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	48.48% [1/36 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (1996)	10.6% [18/18 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	69.2 [31/38 countries]

	Italy
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	54.0% [2/38 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.10% [19/38 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	147% [3/38 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (1996)	69.9% [12/18 countries]
General government expenditures for General public services, as % of GDP (2020)	8.7% [1/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Defence, as % of GDP (2020)	1.4% [11/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Public order and safety, as % of GDP (2020)	2.0% [10/30 countries]
General government expenditures for economic affairs, as % of GDP (2020)	5.4% [24/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Environment protection, as % of GDP (2020)	1.0% [7/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Housing and community amenities, as % of GDP (2020)	0.5% [14/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Health, as % of GDP (2020)	7.9% [14/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Recreation, culture and religion, as % of GDP (2020)	0.8% [25/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.3% [28/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	4.3% [28/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Social protection, as % of GDP (2020)	25.1% [3/30 countries]

	Italy
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	49% [5/38 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	22.0% [11/35 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	27.81% [10/38 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	13.4% [11/38 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	13.3% [8/38 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	2.4% [13/38 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	12.0% [15/38 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2019)	70.1% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	43.6% [1/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (1996)	28.9% [6/18 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2019)	18.2% [20/20 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	44.1% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (1996)	50.8% [7/18 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2019)	82.6% [5/20 countries]

	Italy
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (1995)	27.7% [15/20 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (1996)	67.8% [7/18 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2001)	98.9% [1/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (1996)	98.0% [8/18 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	80 [20/32 countries]
% of those who think that the government should spend less on benefits for the poor (2009)	5.9% [28/30 countries]

	Italy
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (1996)	79.5% [4/18 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (1996)	64.9% [9/18 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2018)	52.5% [23/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2008)	56.0% [25/30 countries]

	Italy
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	5,906.6 [8/38 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	-0.6% [36/38 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	3.7% [28/38 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	12.8% [36/38 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	63.6% [26/38 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	23.6% [2/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	82.3 [9/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	84.7 [10/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	80.1 [11/38 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	198.4 [10/38 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	19.3 [24/31 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between young people and older people (2019)	42.4% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that younger people should be medically prioritized over older people (2011)	49.0% [8/25 countries]

	Italy
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	1.6 (2020) [37/37 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	1.1 (2020) [34/37 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.69 [6/37 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	80.1% (2018) [28/36 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	84.6% (2018) [27/36 countries]
% of those who have lived together without getting married (1994)	5.2% [15/17 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1998)	29.0% [6/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1994)	48.5% [14/18 countries]
% of those who lived with their husband or wife before they got married (1994)	4.4% [18/18 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (1994)	31.8% [13/18 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (1994)	5.0% [9/18 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (1994)	61.0% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that the main purpose of marriage these days is to have children (1994)	39.3% [6/18 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1998)	27.9% [7/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1994)	59.4% [11/18 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (1994)	65.2% [7/18 countries]
% of those who think that the main advantage of marriage is that it gives financial security (1994)	18.2% [14/18 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2018)	51.2% [15/23 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2008)	49.6% [22/30 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1998)	58.2% [11/24 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1994)	66.8% [11/18 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (2008)	10.2% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (1998)	17.6% [6/24 countries]
% of those who think that sex under 16 years old is always wrong (1994)	58.1% [9/18 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2018)	24.6% [12/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2008)	44.2% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1998)	55.7% [9/24 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1994)	67.2% [5/18 countries]

	Italy
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	1.24 [36/38 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	6.8 [36/38 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	32.2 [5/38 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (1994)	28.0% [14/18 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	2 [36/38 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	2.5 [29/38 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	3 [24/38 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	4.9 [29/38 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	34.0% [27/37 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (2008)	23.1% [14/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (1998)	25.0% [8/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2018)	55.5% [3/24 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2008)	58.7% [8/29 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (1998)	65.0% [3/26 countries]

	Italy
% of children (aged 0-17) living with a single parent	14.7% (2018) [21/34 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2001)	84.0% [3/22 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (1994)	32.0% [5/19 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (1994)	29.6% [13/19 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (1994)	94.0% [3/19 countries]

	Italy
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	2.47% [17/37 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	80.6% [4/22 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2001)	44.4% [2/22 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with the relationships with family members (7 steps) (2018)	5.55 [18/24 countries]
Fathers' time spent on physical care and child supervision (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	36.3 [11/20 countries]

	Italy
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15?49 years subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime (%) (2018)	16% [30/35 countries]

	Italy
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	10.6% [24/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	207,602 [6/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	34.4 [14/38 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2008)	63.4% [22/30 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2001)	35.5% [20/20 countries]
% of those who experience international migration (2008)	11.1% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (1995)	3.5% [14/20 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (1995)	75.6% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (1995)	64.2% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between domestic-born and foreign-born (2019)	77.2% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (1995)	21.9% [13/20 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (1995)	36.8% [13/20 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (1995)	43.9% [15/20 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (1995)	47.0% [12/20 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (1995)	60.9% [5/20 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (1995)	37.3% [13/20 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (1995)	23.7% [18/20 countries]

	Italy
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	2,101.276 [6/38 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	35,473 [21/38 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	46,161 [20/38 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	35,710 [20/37 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	64.3 [17/35 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	23.0% [5/38 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	2,275 [7/38 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (1996)	80.4% [13/18 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (1995)	40.3% [14/20 countries]

	Italy
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	116 [35/36 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	32.6% (2020) [17/36 countries]

	Italy
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [21/38 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	103 [17/38 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	106 [16/38 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	117 [16/38 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	105 [18/38 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	105 [17/38 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [18/38 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	83 [30/38 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	85 [27/38 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	94 [18/38 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	99 [24/38 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [21/38 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	86 [17/38 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	112 [17/38 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	86 [17/38 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [20/38 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	79 [22/38 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	104 [19/38 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	62 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	89 [21/38 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	0.81% [15/36 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (1996)	93.2% [2/18 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	13.5% [14/17 countries]
% of those who would choose keeping down inflation rather than keeping down unemployment, (1996)	22.4% [13/15 countries]

	Italy
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.330 [23/35 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	14.2% [11/35 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	61.1% [11/30 countries]
% of those who think that it is difficult for their household to make ends meet (2019)	37.9% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that it will be difficult for their household to make ends meet for the next 12 months (2019)	39.9% [3/20 countries]
% of those who skip a meal because there is not enough money once a month or more (2019)	3.1% [19/20 countries]
% of those who think that the income distribution of their country is unfair (2019)	95.2% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2019)	93.3% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	93.8% [6/30 countries]
% of those who contact people who are a lot poorer than them every day (2019)	27.9% [2/20 countries]
% of those who contact people who are a lot richer than them every day (2019)	19.3% [4/20 countries]
Extent of anger at differences in wealth (2019)	5.90 [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2019)	71.1% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	66.8% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2019)	84.6% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2009)	86.7% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1996)	64.7% [8/18 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1993)	70.4% [5/16 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1998)	78.2% [15/24 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1996)	75.4% [7/18 countries]
% of those who think that the government is tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	81.6% [1/19 countries]
% of those who think that private companies are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	6.5% [19/19 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	7.2% [11/19 countries]
% of those who think that high income people are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	2.0% [14/19 countries]
% of those who think that low income people are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	1.1% [16/19 countries]
% of those who think that income differences do not need to be reduced (2019)	1.5% [16/19 countries]
% of those who think that politicians do not care about reducing the differences in income (2019)	85.7% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in reducing the differences in income (2019)	8.3% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	80.6% [4/22 countries]

	Italy
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2019)	30.8% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	32.4% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2019)	40.5% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	41.0% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2019)	14.4% [20/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	12.8% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2019)	11.6% [19/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	11.7% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2019)	2.7% [9/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	2.1% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2019)	2.6% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	0.8% [18/29 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2019)	10.3% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	5.6% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2019)	17.2% [5/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	12.9% [18/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2019)	43.5% [17/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	53.0% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2019)	26.5% [11/20 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	27.7% [8/30 countries]

	Italy
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2019)	4.5% [18/20 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	2.8% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2019)	82.6% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	71.9% [21/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2019)	49.3% [6/19 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	48.4% [9/28 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2019)	18.4% [12/19 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	22.7% [5/27 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2019)	12.9% [6/20 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	25.3% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2019)	8.9% [14/20 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	4.1% [29/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2019)	75.5% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	60.0% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2019)	15.5% [11/20 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	35.8% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the upper class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	12.7% [15/20 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the middle class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	74.6% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the lower class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	12.8% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	47.1% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	20.6% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	83.0% [3/30 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	47.5% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	37.2% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	51.0% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	34.8% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	74.6% [4/20 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	75.2% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	62.7% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	62.0% [15/20 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	64.0% [27/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	65.7% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	58.9% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	47.4% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	42.5% [2/30 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	22.4% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	15.9% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	17.6% [3/20 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	12.2% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	13.2% [1/20 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	5.4% [20/30 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	22.7% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	18.9% [1/30 countries]

	Italy
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	14.9% (2021) [15/38 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	68.5% (2019) [7/34 countries]

	Italy
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	8.9% (2019) [8/31 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	81.9% (2019) [3/32 countries]

	Italy
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2018)	54.6% [22/24 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2008)	55.3% [23/30 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (1998)	60.8% [19/26 countries]

	Italy
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (1996)	54.4% [7/18 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (1996)	77.4% [17/18 countries]

	Italy
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	73.6% [37/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	55.4% [35/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	90.0% [36/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	69.3% [34/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	63.4% [30/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	44.0% [30/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.9% [18/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.9% [18/38 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	25.9% [8/38 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	70.2% [24/38 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male and female	51.8% (2021) [2/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male	53.3% (2021) [3/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: female	49.7% (2021) [4/34 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (1997)	70.9% [14/20 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (1997)	28.2% [18/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1998)	82.2% [14/24 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1996)	76.6% [9/18 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (1996)	90.4% [6/18 countries]

	Italy
Gender wage gap (comparison of median)	7.6% (2019) [19/27 countries]
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	57.5% (2019) [31/34 countries]
Share of female managers	28.6% (2021) [27/34 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	38.8% [5/37 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2018)	20.2% [10/24 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2008)	33.3% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1998)	34.3% [11/26 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1994)	32.5% [9/19 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1998)	21.5% [22/26 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1994)	21.8% [17/19 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (1994)	81.2% [5/19 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (1994)	26.4% [17/19 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (1994)	46.4% [8/19 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (1994)	62.6% [10/19 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (1994)	17.9% [17/19 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (1994)	5.1% [15/19 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (1994)	39.1% [17/19 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (1994)	17.0% [15/19 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (1994)	16.6% [10/19 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	64.2% [6/19 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (1994)	41.6% [13/19 countries]

	Italy
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, men, % of total employed	17.1% (2020) [4/31 countries]
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, women, % of total employed	11.3% (2020) [2/31 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (1997)	36.1% [15/20 countries]

	Italy
Part-time employment - male	7.9% (2021) [23/37 countries]
Part-time employment - female	29.5% (2021) [9/37 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	15.7% (2021) [7/36 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	17.3% (2021) [8/36 countries]

	Italy
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (1997)	13.2% [14/20 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (1997)	28.1% [6/20 countries]
% of those who would change their present type of work for something different if given the chance (1997)	39.6% [8/20 countries]

	Italy
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (1997)	94.5% [9/20 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (1997)	81.5% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (1997)	80.6% [8/20 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (1997)	94.2% [11/20 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (1997)	68.6% [16/20 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (1997)	83.3% [4/20 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (1997)	79.5% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (1997)	71.0% [2/20 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (1997)	62.0% [9/20 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (1997)	25.1% [5/20 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (1997)	23.6% [7/20 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (1997)	73.1% [13/20 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (1997)	57.7% [17/20 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (1997)	57.7% [18/20 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (1997)	57.7% [19/20 countries]

	Italy
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	9.7% [6/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	8.9% [6/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	10.8% [6/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	29.7% [4/38 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	58.0% (2021) [2/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	59.0% (2021) [2/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	56.9% (2021) [2/37 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (1997)	26.6% [9/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2019)	76.7% [4/20 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2009)	70.5% [17/30 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (1996)	75.1% [11/18 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (1996)	48.6% [4/18 countries]