World\nOECD members\nEU27\nEU+Japan\nEurope\n

Australia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n Choose a country to compare\n----------\nAustralia\nAustria\nBelgium\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nEstonia\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nIsrael\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nLatvia\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMexico\nNetherlands\nNew Zealand\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nSlovakia\nSlovenia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nTurkiye\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n

All rankings including Estonia\nRankings in which Estonia is Top\nRankings in which Estonia is Top 1-3\nRankings in which Estonia is Bottom 1-3\nRankings in which Estonia is Bottom\nRankings in which Estonia is either Top or Bottom\nRankings in which Estonia is either Top3 or Bottom3\n

Election and Democracy> [2]

	Estonia
Voter turnout in the national election	63.7% (2019) [24/38 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2013)	45.5% [17/26 countries]

Politician> [5]

	Estonia
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	101 [33/38 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	13,020 [36/38 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	27.72% [29/38 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	19.80% [26/38 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	14.3% [34/38 countries]

Political party and organization> [0]

Parliament> [0]

Political awareness> [0]

Political action> [0]

Public officials> [3]

	Estonia
Employment in general government as % of total employment	22.70% (2019) [6/33 countries]
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	25.29% [19/36 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	89.9 [16/38 countries]

Public finance> [14]

	Estonia
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	41.8% [24/38 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.86% [28/38 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	18% [38/38 countries]
General government expenditures for General public services, as % of GDP (2020)	4.0% [25/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Defence, as % of GDP (2020)	2.5% [4/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Public order and safety, as % of GDP (2020)	2.0% [10/30 countries]
General government expenditures for economic affairs, as % of GDP (2020)	5.9% [19/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Environment protection, as % of GDP (2020)	0.7% [15/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Housing and community amenities, as % of GDP (2020)	0.4% [23/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Health, as % of GDP (2020)	6.7% [21/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Recreation, culture and religion, as % of GDP (2020)	2.1% [3/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.6% [3/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.6% [3/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Social protection, as % of GDP (2020)	15.0% [22/30 countries]

Tax> [10]

	Estonia
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	39% [21/38 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	20.0% [19/35 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	20.00% [26/38 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	7.4% [29/38 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	11.7% [15/38 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	0.2% [38/38 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	14.2% [3/38 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	4.2% [29/30 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	59.1% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2009)	70.7% [20/30 countries]

Social security> [2]

	Estonia
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2013)	13.4% [26/26 countries]
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages) (2017)	100 [1/32 countries]

Law and Justice> [0]

Population> [10]

	Estonia
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	132.9 [36/38 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	0.1% [25/38 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	-4.2% [35/38 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	16.5% [18/38 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	62.8% [32/38 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	20.8% [11/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	78.3 [28/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	82.7 [27/38 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	74.2 [32/38 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	30.6 [29/38 countries]

Marriage and sex> [5]

	Estonia
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	4.6 (2020) [9/37 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	1.9 (2020) [13/37 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.41 [25/37 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	91.8% (2018) [6/36 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	90.9% (2018) [13/36 countries]

Birth> [8]

	Estonia
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	1.58 [16/38 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	9.9 [19/38 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	30.7 [21/38 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	9 [11/38 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	1.7 [37/38 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	2 [33/38 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	5.9 [24/38 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	54.1% [11/37 countries]

Parent-child relations> [0]

Family> [3]

	Estonia
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	3.00% [11/37 countries]
Fathers' time spent on physical care and child supervision (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	24.2 [17/20 countries]
Fathers' time spent teaching, reading, and playing with children (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	42.9 [18/20 countries]

Domestic problems> [3]

	Estonia
Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 (%) (2020)	1.2% [16/16 countries]
Prevalence of overweight in children under 5 (%) (2020)	5.7% [13/17 countries]
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15?49 years subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime (%) (2018)	21% [16/35 countries]

Migration> [17]

	Estonia
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	15.0% [15/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	331 [38/38 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	2.5 [30/38 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2013)	13.2% [7/26 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2013)	38.0% [22/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2013)	41.2% [20/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2013)	25.4% [21/26 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2013)	33.2% [15/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2013)	20.9% [26/26 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2013)	65.7% [3/26 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2013)	55.5% [5/26 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants should give up original culture and adopt their culture (2013)	2.7% [26/26 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2013)	42.5% [9/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country's culture is generally undermined by immigrants (2013)	20.6% [18/26 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2013)	42.3% [12/26 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2013)	38.8% [12/26 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2013)	77.4% [6/26 countries]

National economy> [8]

	Estonia
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	36.287 [37/38 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	27,282 [25/38 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	42,050 [26/38 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	25,970 [24/37 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	47.4 [27/35 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	18.5% [13/38 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	24 [37/38 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2013)	38.0% [15/26 countries]

Saving and investment> [2]

	Estonia
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	969 [2/36 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	26.6% (2020) [24/36 countries]

Price and interest> [21]

	Estonia
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	69 [29/38 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	85 [28/38 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	84 [28/38 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	82 [29/38 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	97 [24/38 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	92 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	85 [25/38 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	92 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	101 [20/38 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	70 [28/38 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	107 [12/38 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	59 [29/38 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	39 [30/38 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	90 [27/38 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	51 [35/38 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	83 [26/38 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	48 [27/38 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	84 [24/38 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	62 [23/38 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	58 [28/38 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	0.06% [24/36 countries]

Income inequality> [5]

	Estonia
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.305 [17/35 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	16.3% [6/35 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	58.5% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	93.2% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	35.0% [20/30 countries]

Social inequality> [9]

	Estonia
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	32.6% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	46.6% [4/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	9.6% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	9.8% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	1.5% [26/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	0.6% [23/29 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	5.3% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	20.4% [5/30 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	55.4% [16/30 countries]

Social position> [22]

	Estonia
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	6.7% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	73.3% [20/30 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	42.4% [13/28 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	14.4% [22/27 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	19.9% [10/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	10.7% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	66.9% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	22.4% [15/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	40.2% [20/30 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	25.6% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	44.5% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	26.6% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	46.6% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	78.6% [7/30 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	46.6% [29/30 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	70.3% [19/30 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	54.8% [13/30 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	17.0% [17/30 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	5.5% [16/30 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	11.8% [12/30 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	3.6% [28/30 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	6.6% [24/30 countries]

Manufacturing> [2]

	Estonia
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	12.7% (2021) [18/38 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in manufacturing	75.7% (2019) [1/34 countries]

Services> [2]

	Estonia
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	4.4% (2019) [24/31 countries]
% of employment of small and medium sized companies (1-249 employees) in Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	73.3% (2019) [10/32 countries]

Financial sector> [0]

Companies> [1]

	Estonia
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2013)	45.6% [18/26 countries]

Starting business> [1]

	Estonia
New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64) (2020)	24.19 [1/31 countries]

Industrial policy> [0]

Employment> [16]

	Estonia
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	81.4% [16/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	76.8% [9/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	91.4% [32/38 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	84.7% [14/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	70.1% [20/38 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	72.9% [3/38 countries]
% of those who think that the employment of elderly people is good for the country's economy (2015)	58.1% [8/14 countries]
% of those who think that the employment of elderly people takes jobs away from younger people (2015)	24.1% [8/14 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.2% [22/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.2% [22/38 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	28.7% [6/38 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	68.1% [29/38 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male and female	32.4% (2021) [24/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male	31.4% (2021) [27/34 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: female	33.5% (2021) [18/34 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2015)	64.8% [20/27 countries]

Female employment> [3]

	Estonia
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	71.0% (2019) [20/34 countries]
Share of female managers	41.2% (2021) [5/34 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	9.1% [36/37 countries]

Self-employment> [2]

	Estonia
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, men, % of total employed	7.1% (2020) [23/31 countries]
Share of self-employed who are own-account workers, women, % of total employed	4.3% (2020) [25/31 countries]

Non-regular employment> [6]

	Estonia
Part-time employment - male	6.5% (2021) [25/37 countries]
Part-time employment - female	14.2% (2021) [29/37 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	1.8% (2021) [36/36 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	1.7% (2021) [36/36 countries]
Temporary employment - 15-24 years as % of dependent employment	6.8% (2021) [33/36 countries]
% of those willing to accept temporary employment to avoid unemployment (2015)	53.6% [22/27 countries]

Side business> [1]

	Estonia
% of those who do any work for additional income in addition to their main job (2015)	25.6% [5/27 countries]

Recruitment and job change> [10]

	Estonia
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (2015)	17.5% [20/27 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (2015)	17.3% [25/27 countries]
% of those who would change their present type of work for something different if given the chance (2015)	27.5% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that it is likely that they will try to find a job with another firm or organization within the next 12 months (2015)	20.2% [19/27 countries]
% of those who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	36.2% [16/27 countries]
% of the men who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	28.6% [20/27 countries]
% of the women who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	41.9% [12/27 countries]
% of those who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	36.9% [13/27 countries]
% of the men who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	30.7% [19/27 countries]
% of the women who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	41.6% [10/27 countries]

Work preference> [17]

	Estonia
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (2015)	59.9% [14/27 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (2015)	42.0% [5/27 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (2015)	19.9% [19/27 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (2015)	44.7% [19/27 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (2015)	28.6% [15/27 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (2015)	17.7% [25/27 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (2015)	17.5% [24/27 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (2015)	19.9% [11/27 countries]
% of those who think that it is important for a job to involve personal contact with other people (2015)	16.7% [26/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (2015)	71.8% [11/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (2015)	18.7% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (2015)	17.9% [21/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (2015)	60.3% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (2015)	67.5% [18/27 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (2015)	63.1% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (2015)	71.4% [18/27 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives personal contact with other people (2015)	86.6% [20/27 countries]

Unemployment> [11]

	Estonia
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	6.5% [16/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	7.1% [14/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	5.8% [19/38 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	16.7% [14/38 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	25.3% (2021) [22/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	29.8% (2021) [19/37 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	19.5% (2021) [29/37 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (2015)	37.4% [7/27 countries]
% of those willing to move within the country not to lose job (2015)	13.0% [26/27 countries]
% of those willing to move to a different country not to lose job (2015)	16.7% [18/27 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2009)	90.5% [2/30 countries]

Labor policy> [1]

	Estonia
Public expenditure for active labor policy, % of GDP	0.51% (2019) [13/32 countries]

Working time> [18]

	Estonia
Average annual hours actually worked per worker	1,767 (2021) [10/38 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men and women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	255.6 (2009/10) [17/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	264.1 (2009/10) [25/30 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	244.9 (2009/10) [9/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men and women, minutes per day per person)	29.4 (2009/10) [11/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men, minutes per day per person)	29.8 (2009/10) [19/30 countries]
Time spent for commuting (women, minutes per day per person)	28.7 (2009/10) [7/30 countries]
% of those willing to accept longer commuting to avoid unemployment (2015)	44.4% [21/27 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (2015)	44.0% [5/27 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (2015)	54.3% [21/27 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (2015)	1.8% [25/27 countries]
% of those who always/ often work at home during usual working hours (2015)	13.0% [10/26 countries]
% of those who always/ often work on weekends (2015)	30.1% [16/26 countries]
% of those who have a regular schedule or shift (2015)	75.8% [16/27 countries]
% of those who cannot decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2015)	55.1% [11/27 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2015)	44.9% [17/27 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves how to organize work (2015)	19.9% [24/27 countries]
% of those who can take an hour or two off during working hours (2015)	58.9% [18/27 countries]

Wages> [9]

	Estonia
Minimum relative to average (mean) wages of full-time workers (2020)	38.9% [25/30 countries]
Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers (2020)	45.5% [25/30 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (2009)	59.8% [13/30 countries]
% of those willing to accept lower pay to avoid unemployment (2015)	23.3% [23/27 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	74.6% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (2009)	40.4% [24/30 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (2009)	26.0% [28/30 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (2009)	29.3% [23/30 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	82.4% [15/29 countries]

Work motivation> [10]

	Estonia
Degree of job satisfaction (2015)	4.24 [19/27 countries]
% of those satisfied with job (5 choices) (Ž¿–â�F‘S‘Ì“I‚É‚Ý‚Ä�A‚ ‚È‚½‚ÍŒ»�Ý‚ÌŽdŽ–‚É‚Ç‚Ì’ö“x–ž‘«‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·‚©�B ‘I‘ðŽˆ�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v�u‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Å‚à‚È‚¢�v�u•s–ž�v�u”ñ�í‚É•s–ž�v ƒf�[ƒ^�F�u”ñ�í‚É–ž‘«�v�u–ž‘«�v‚ÌŠ„�‡)	56.9% [13/12 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (2015)	32.4% [20/27 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (2015)	43.8% [9/27 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (2015)	43.2% [24/27 countries]
% of those who would work hard to complete their daily tasks, even if they are slightly sick or when there is another legitimate reason for taking a break (2009)	82.8% [11/12 countries]
% of those who would perform to the best of their ability even on a task that they do not like (2009)	81.8% [10/12 countries]
% of those who would work hard to maintain their performance on a task, even if the task takes a long time to start producing any results (2009)	82.9% [11/12 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (2015)	6.3% [16/27 countries]
% of women who prefer no paid job at all (2015)	7.4% [17/27 countries]

Skills> [3]

	Estonia
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (2015)	61.1% [20/27 countries]
% of those who have got training to improve job skills over the past 12 months (2015)	48.3% [15/27 countries]
% of those willing to accept a job that requires new skills to avoid unemployment (2015)	72.7% [24/27 countries]

Workplace> [11]

	Estonia
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (2015)	84.7% [17/27 countries]
% of those who often share work-related information with co-workers (2011-2017)	61.5% [11/28 countries]
% of those who often learn new work-related things from co-workers or supervisors (2011-2017)	30.5% [10/28 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (2015)	37.0% [24/27 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (2015)	45.8% [26/27 countries]
% of those who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	14.4% [22/27 countries]
% of the men who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	12.3% [22/27 countries]
% of the women who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	16.1% [19/27 countries]
% of those who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	14.2% [11/27 countries]
% of the men who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	9.5% [17/27 countries]
% of the women who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	18.0% [11/27 countries]

Industrial relations> [5]

	Estonia
Trade union participation (% of total employment)	6.0% (2019) [38/38 countries]
% of those who think that workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests (2015)	72.5% [10/27 countries]
% of those who think that strong trade unions are bad for the economy of their country (2015)	6.8% [26/27 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between management and workers (2009)	31.8% [23/30 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between management and employees as good (2015)	70.2% [16/27 countries]

Work accident> [1]

	Estonia
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (2015)	29.4% [7/27 countries]

Housework> [11]

	Estonia
Time spent for routine housework (men and women, minutes per day per person)	120.7 (2009/10) [15/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (men, minutes per day per person)	89.3 (2009/10) [10/30 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (women, minutes per day per person)	146.9 (2009/10) [18/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	24.0 (2009/10) [14/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men, minutes per day per person)	20.4 (2009/10) [9/30 countries]
Time spent for shopping (women, minutes per day per person)	27.5 (2009/10) [16/30 countries]
Time spent for child care (men and women, minutes per day per person)	27.5 (2009/10) [8/25 countries]
Time spent for child care (men, minutes per day per person)	18.0 (2009/10) [7/25 countries]
Time spent for child care (women, minutes per day per person)	41.8 (2009/10) [8/25 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that job interfere with family life (2015)	6.6% [27/27 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that family life interfere with job (2015)	2.9% [24/27 countries]

Voluntary activities> [4]

	Estonia
% of those who take part in voluntary work once a month or more (2011-2017)	10.0% [21/28 countries]
% of those who never take part in voluntary work (2011-2017)	72.2% [11/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men and women, minutes per day per person)	2.0 (2009/10) [19/28 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men, minutes per day per person)	0.0 (2009/10) [26/28 countries]

Education in general> [18]

	Estonia
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.6% [3/30 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.6% [3/30 countries]
% of general government expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	69.4% [17/36 countries]
% of household expenditure on tertiary education (2018)	6.2% [28/34 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	24.8% [9/30 countries]
% of those who think it is wrong that the rich can buy better education for their children (2009)	56.9% [23/30 countries]
Literacy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	276 [8/31 countries]
Numeracy proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	276 [8/31 countries]
Proficiency of problem solving in technology-rich environments proficiency among 16-65 years-olds: Average score (0-500) (2011-2017)	278 [18/28 countries]
% of those who like learning new things (2011-2017)	58.0% [25/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new ideas to real life (2011-2017)	34.7% [20/28 countries]
% of those who try to relate new things to existing knowledge (2011-2017)	57.8% [18/28 countries]
% of those who like to solve difficult problems (2011-2017)	42.5% [23/28 countries]
% of those who like to fit different ideas together (2011-2017)	43.0% [22/28 countries]
% of those who look for additional information to understand things (2011-2017)	70.7% [19/28 countries]
Time in school or classes (men and women, minutes per day per person)	23.8 (2009/10) [12/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (men, minutes per day per person)	23.4 (2009/10) [12/29 countries]
Time in school or classes (women, minutes per day per person)	24.5 (2009/10) [11/29 countries]

Pre-primary education> [1]

	Estonia
Pre-school enrolment rates, children aged 0 to 2 year old	29.1% (2017) [25/37 countries]

Pre-primary education at home> [0]

Pre-primary education on letters> [0]

Pre-primary education on numbers> [0]

Primary school> [6]

	Estonia
Average class size in primary education (public and private)	19.0 (2018) [20/31 countries]
Average class size in primary education (public) (2018)	19.2 [22/34 countries]
Average class size in primary education (private)	15.3 (2018) [27/31 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public and private) (2018)	13.1 [23/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (public) (2018)	13.4 [22/38 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in primary schools (private) (2018)	10.2 [28/36 countries]

Primary school students - home> [0]

Primary school students - school life> [0]

Primary school students - mathematics> [0]

Primary school students - science> [0]

Primary school students - instruction out of school> [0]

Primary school - evaluation of parents> [0]

Primary school - future educational plan> [0]

Lower secondary school> [5]

	Estonia
Average class size in lower secondary education (public and private)	18.6 (2018) [31/32 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (public)	18.8 (2018) [30/33 countries]
Average class size in lower secondary education (private)	15.2 (2018) [30/32 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public and private) (2018)	10.1 [25/34 countries]
Ratio of students to teaching staff in lower secondary education (public) (2018)	10.2 [25/34 countries]

Lower secondary school students - home> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Internet use> [0]

Lower secondary school students - School life> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Mathematics> [0]

Lower secondary school students - Science> [0]

Lower secondary school students - instruction out of school> [0]

Lower secondary school students - future educational plan> [0]

Lower secondary education teachers> [44]

	Estonia
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2018)	35.67 [22/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Total working hours (2013)	36.10 [17/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2018)	20.92 [10/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on teaching (2013)	20.86 [5/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2018)	5.97 [25/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on individual planning or preparation of lessons either at school or out of school (2013)	6.93 [13/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2018)	1.81 [31/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on team work and dialogue with colleagues within the school (2013)	1.92 [24/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2018)	3.47 [25/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent marking/correcting of student work (2013)	4.27 [17/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2018)	1.90 [22/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on counselling students (2013)	2.12 [13/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2018)	0.58 [30/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent in participation in school management (2013)	0.81 [23/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2018)	1.82 [23/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on general administrative work (including communication, paperwork, and other clerical duties) (2013)	2.26 [17/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on professional development activities (2018)	1.77 [12/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2018)	1.15 [27/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent on communication and co-operation with parents or guardians (2013)	1.25 [21/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2018)	1.56 [18/31 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in extracurricular activities (2013)	1.86 [13/25 countries]
Lower secondary education teachers: Hours spent engaging in other work tasks (2018)	1.44 [25/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachears who think that the teaching profession is valued in society (2013)	13.69% [17/24 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present a summary of recently learned content (2018)	78.07% [12/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who set goals at the beginning of instruction (2018)	84.72% [11/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain what they expect students to learn (2018)	92.06% [13/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who explain how new and old topics are related (2018)	84.46% [18/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who present tasks for which there is no obvious solution (2018)	16.43% [27/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give tasks that require students to think critically (2018)	46.19% [26/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who have students work in small groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem or task (2018)	39.53% [26/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who ask students to decide on their own procedures for solving complex tasks (2018)	29.03% [26/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to follow classroom rules (2018)	40.86% [31/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to listen to what they say (2018)	32.85% [31/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who calm students who are disruptive (2018)	35.45% [31/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who tell students to quieten down quickly when the lesson begins (2018)	21.33% [31/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who refer to a problem from everyday life or work to demonstrate why new knowledge is useful (2018)	68.20% [22/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students practise similar tasks until they know that every student has understood the subject matter (2018)	69.82% [14/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who give students projects that require at least one week to complete (2018)	14.40% [27/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who let students use ICT for projects or class work (2018)	45.60% [22/30 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would like to change to another school if possible (2018)	13.50% [27/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who enjoy working at the present school (2018)	85.44% [28/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers who would recommend the present school as a good place to work (2018)	82.11% [24/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with their performance in the present school (2018)	91.90% [25/31 countries]
% of lower secondary education teachers satisfied with the present job all in all (2018)	94.21% [6/31 countries]

High school students - Performance> [7]

	Estonia
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2018)	523.02 [1/37 countries]
Performance on the reading (15 years old, average score) (2015)	519 [4/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2018)	523.41 [3/38 countries]
Performance on the mathematics (15 years old, average score) (2015)	520 [4/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2018)	530.11 [1/38 countries]
Performance on the science (15 years old, average score) (2015)	534 [2/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have ever repeated a grade (2009)	5.6% [23/37 countries]

High school students - Things at home> [5]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-old students who have a computer they can use for school work in their home (2018)	86.7% [31/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have classic literature in their home (2018)	68.6% [4/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have books of poetry in their home (2018)	68.4% [1/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have works of art (e.g. paintings) in their home (2018)	63.3% [23/38 countries]
% of 15-year-old students who have musical instruments (e.g. guitar, piano) in their home (2018)	37.9% [12/38 countries]

High school students - Atmosphere of language lessons> [53]

	Estonia
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2018)	30.4% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't listen to what the teacher says in their language lessons (2009)	29.6% [15/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2018)	23.6% [34/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that there is noise and disorder in their language lessons (2009)	30.6% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2018)	19.9% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher has to wait a long time for the students to quieten down in their language lessons (2009)	26.9% [22/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2018)	16.7% [23/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students cannot work well in their language lessons (2009)	19.9% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2018)	15.5% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that students don't start working for a long time after the lesson begins in their language lessons (2009)	21.7% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows an interest in every student's learning in their language lessons (2018)	60.0% [33/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher gives extra help when students need it in their language lessons (2018)	73.2% [21/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students with their learning in their language lessons (2018)	75.6% [23/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher continues teaching until the students understands in their language lessons (2018)	67.2% [26/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher sets clear goals for our learning in their language lessons (2018)	73.6% [12/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher asks questions to check whether they have understood what was taught in their language lessons (2018)	76.9% [11/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher presents a short summary of the previous lesson in their language lessons (2018)	34.7% [31/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher tells us what we have to learn in their language lessons (2018)	78.3% [9/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher make them feel confident in their ability in their language lessons (2018)	63.1% [31/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that their teacher listen to their view in their language lessons (2018)	62.4% [25/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who felt that their teacher understand them in their language lessons (2018)	70.0% [15/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher adapts the lesson to their class's needs and knowledge in their language lessons (2018)	47.0% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher provides individual help when a student has difficulties understanding a topic or task in their language lessons (2018)	48.1% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher changes the structure of the lesson on a topic that most students find difficult to understand in their language lessons (2018)	38.7% [25/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher gives them feedback on their strengths in their language lessons (2018)	34.4% [12/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them in which areas they can still improve in their language lessons (2018)	32.1% [31/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that their teacher tells them how they can improve their performance in their language lessons (2018)	40.1% [21/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear to them that their teacher liked teaching them in their language lessons (2018)	68.3% [23/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the enthusiasm of the teacher inspired them in their language lessons (2018)	59.2% [11/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that it was clear that the teacher likes to deal with the topic of the lesson in their language lessons (2018)	76.8% [17/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that the teacher showed enjoyment in teaching in their language lessons (2018)	67.2% [28/37 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include diagrams or maps for school (2018)	22.2% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read fiction (e.g., novels, short stories) for school (2018)	22.7% [29/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read texts that include tables or graphs for school (2018)	25.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who read digital texts including links for school (2018)	16.2% [24/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2018)	56.5% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text in their language lessons (2009)	59.3% [17/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2018)	36.1% [24/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher helps students relate the stories they read to their lives in their language lessons (2009)	29.1% [27/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2018)	45.1% [26/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher shows students how the information in texts builds on what they already know in their language lessons (2009)	39.8% [24/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2018)	48.1% [31/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who say that the teacher poses questions that motivate students to participate actively in their language lessons (2009)	51.5% [32/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have read a text of more than 100 pages in their language lessons (2018)	50.5% [14/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a summary of the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	60.5% [29/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to list and write a short description of the main characters in their language lessons (2018)	69.8% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to discuss in small groups with other students who read the same book or chapter in their language lessons (2018)	51.1% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to give their personal thoughts about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	81.8% [4/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to answer questions about the book or the chapter in their language lessons (2018)	88.4% [3/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the content of the book or the chapter with their own experience in their language lessons (2018)	37.3% [19/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to compare the book with other books or texts on a similar topic in their language lessons (2018)	44.6% [21/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to select a passage they liked or disliked and explain why in their language lessons (2018)	55.8% [6/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who are told to write a text related to what they have read in their language lessons (2018)	53.3% [24/38 countries]

High school students - Internet education> [7]

	Estonia
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use keywords when using a search engine (2018)	62.5% [9/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to decide whether to trust information from the Internet (2018)	74.2% [11/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to compare different web pages and decide what information is more relevant (2018)	66.4% [11/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school to understand the consequences of making information publicly available online (2018)	77.5% [12/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to use the short description below the links in the list of results of a search (2018)	55.9% [6/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect whether the information is subjective or biased (2018)	53.6% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who have learned at school how to detect phishing or spam emails (2018)	52.4% [4/38 countries]

High school students - Reading> [23]

	Estonia
% of 15 year old students who read only if they have to (2018)	43.1% [28/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is one of their favourite hobbies (2018)	30.9% [23/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who like talking about books with other people (2018)	39.0% [13/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who agree that reading is a waste of time (2018)	26.8% [22/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who I read only to get information that they need (2018)	46.1% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read magazines several times a week (2018)	5.1% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2018)	3.6% [26/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read comic books several times a week (2009)	4.8% [27/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2018)	8.9% [30/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read fiction (novels, narratives, stories) several times a week (2009)	8.6% [32/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read non-fiction books (informational, documentary) several times a week (2018)	9.2% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2018)	11.9% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spontaneously read newspapers several times a week (2009)	55.9% [5/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often in paper format (2018)	40.0% [6/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books more often on digital devices (2018)	12.7% [27/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices (2018)	13.7% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who spend more than 1 hour a day reading for enjoyment (2018)	19.8% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are good readers (2018)	67.0% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they are able to understand difficult texts (2018)	64.4% [21/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they read fluently (2018)	73.7% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have always had difficulty with reading (2018)	12.0% [37/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that they have to read a text several times before completely understanding it (2018)	32.8% [35/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that I find it difficult to answer questions about a text (2018)	17.7% [34/38 countries]

High school students - Internet use> [6]

	Estonia
% of 15-year olds who read emails several times a day (2018)	13.6% [7/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who chat on line several times a day (2018)	75.8% [14/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who read online news several times a day (2018)	29.4% [14/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search information online to learn about a particular topic several times a day (2018)	28.7% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who take part in online group discussions or forums several times a day (2018)	6.5% [26/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who search for practical information online several times a day (2018)	28.5% [5/38 countries]

High school students - Impression of PISA Reading Test> [3]

	Estonia
% of those who agree that there were many words they could not understand in the PISA test (2018)	11.1% [34/38 countries]
% of those who agree that many texts were too difficult for them in the PISA test (2018)	12.2% [31/38 countries]
% of those who agree that they were lost when they had to navigate between different pages in the PISA test (2018)	17.0% [21/38 countries]

High school students - learning method> [11]

	Estonia
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of concentrating on the parts of the text that are easy to understand as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.18 [23/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of quickly reading through the text twice as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	2.83 [22/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of discussing its content with other people after reading the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.93 [2/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of underlining important parts of the text as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.05 [17/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of summarising the text in their own words as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	4.16 [10/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text aloud to another person as useful for understanding and memorising the text (2018)	3.08 [13/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking that each paragraph is covered in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.46 [6/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of I trying to copy out accurately as many sentences as possible as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	2.55 [15/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading the text as many times as possible before writing the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	3.58 [11/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of carefully checking whether the most important facts in the text are represented in the summary as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.40 [6/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of reading through the text, underlining the most important sentences, and then writing them in their own words as useful for writing a summary of a long and rather difficult two-page text (2018)	4.25 [12/38 countries]

High school students - response to a junk mail> [5]

	Estonia
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of answering the email and asking for more information as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.11 [4/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the sender�fs email address as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	4.38 [2/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of clicking on the link to fill out the form as soon as possible as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	2.21 [18/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of deleting the email without clicking on the link as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	3.27 [13/38 countries]
Extent to which 15-year-olds think of checking the website of the mobile phone operator as appropriate for a message from a wellknown mobile phone operator telling them that they are one of the winners of a smartphone (2018)	4.01 [7/38 countries]

High school students - effort and failure> [13]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get a good job (2018)	83.2% [16/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school will help me get into a good college (2018)	88.2% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that trying hard at school is important (2018)	86.5% [18/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who find satisfaction in working as hard as they can (2018)	59.3% [34/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who persist until a task is finished once they start (2018)	66.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy doing things when they improve on their past performance (2018)	82.6% [18/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who would rather keep struggling to master something if they are not good at than move on to something they may be good at (2018)	67.1% [11/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who worry about what others think of when they are failing (2018)	45.8% [29/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who are afraid that they might not have enough talent when they are failing (2018)	47.8% [27/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who doubt their plans for the future when they are failing (2018)	44.6% [27/36 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they can�ft change their intelligence very much (2018)	22.8% [36/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who enjoy working in situations involving competition with others (2018)	55.4% [24/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who agree that it is important for them to perform better than other people on a task (2018)	52.4% [30/38 countries]

High school students - competition and cooperation> [9]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-olds who try harder when they are in competition with other people (2018)	72.3% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value competition (2018)	32.4% [33/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are competing with each other (2018)	32.2% [33/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that competing with each other is important (2018)	29.0% [33/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students feel that they are being compared with others (2018)	46.5% [21/37 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to value cooperation (2018)	44.9% [28/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students are cooperating with each other (2018)	56.3% [15/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that students seem to share the feeling that cooperating with each other is important (2018)	53.4% [17/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that they are encouraged to cooperate with others (2018)	51.1% [24/38 countries]

High school students - meaning of life> [3]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-olds who think that their life has clear meaning or purpose (2018)	66.0% [17/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have discovered a satisfactory meaning in life (2018)	60.2% [19/34 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who have a clear sense of what gives meaning to their life (2018)	63.1% [20/34 countries]

High school students - feeling> [9]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-olds who always feel happy (2018)	37.9% [18/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel scared (2018)	3.1% [18/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel lively (2018)	28.2% [25/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel miserable (2018)	7.1% [5/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel proud (2018)	10.1% [30/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel afraid (2018)	9.9% [15/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel joyful (2018)	28.7% [30/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel sad (2018)	9.0% [5/33 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who always feel cheerful (2018)	42.1% [15/33 countries]

High school students - goals in school> [3]

	Estonia
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to learn as much as possible (2018)	35.0% [32/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to completely master the material presented in their classes (2018)	31.9% [29/38 countries]
% of 15-year-olds who think that their goal in school is to understand the content of their classes as thoroughly as possible (2018)	43.8% [31/38 countries]

High school students - doing things in life> [4]

	Estonia
% of 15-year olds who usually manage one way or another (2018)	90.4% [5/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel proud that they have accomplished things (2018)	83.4% [18/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel that they can handle many things at a time (2018)	70.2% [14/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who can usually find their way out in a difficult situation (2018)	85.0% [3/37 countries]

High school students - feeling at school> [6]

	Estonia
% of 15-year olds who feel like an outsider (or left out of things) (2018)	15.3% [24/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who make friends easily at school (2018)	69.8% [22/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel like they belong at school. (2018)	72.0% [11/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel awkward and out of place in their school. (2018)	18.4% [20/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that other students seem to like them (2018)	69.5% [33/37 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel lonely at school (2018)	16.0% [13/37 countries]

High school students - family support> [3]

	Estonia
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support their educational efforts and achievements (2018)	85.0% [14/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents support them when they are facing difficulties at school (2018)	81.8% [13/36 countries]
% of 15-year olds who think that their parents encourage them to be confident (2018)	81.0% [17/36 countries]

High school students - laziness and bullying> [14]

	Estonia
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped a whole school day in the last two weeks (2018)	17.0% [20/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever skipped some classes in the last two weeks (2018)	30.2% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever arrived late for school in the last two weeks (2018)	43.6% [22/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been made fun of by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	26.8% [13/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been left out of things by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	43.0% [5/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been threatened by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	15.1% [14/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose belongings have ever been taken away or destroyed by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	17.6% [19/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who have ever been hit or pushed around by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	17.7% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds whose nasty rumours have ever been spread by other students during the past 12 months (2018)	24.6% [22/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who are irritated when nobody defends bullied students (2018)	78.2% [8/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a good thing to help students who can�ft defend themselves (2018)	85.4% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who agree that it is a wrong thing to join in bullying (2018)	85.6% [10/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who feel bad seeing other students bullied (2018)	82.4% [12/38 countries]
% of 15-year olds who like to see someone standing up for bullied students (2018)	85.3% [10/38 countries]

High school students - learning foreign language> [2]

	Estonia
Average hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	4.08 [16/38 countries]
Dispersion (S.E.) of hours per week to spend learning foreign language out of school (2015)	0.065 [32/38 countries]

High school students - problem solving> [8]

	Estonia
% of 15 year old students who definitely check brochure to check how to get to the zoo (2012)	23.8% [36/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely study a map and work out the best route (2012)	32.7% [18/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely leave it to their brother to worry about how to get there (2012)	5.1% [38/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely suggest just to start driving (2012)	16.8% [33/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely check similarities with the machines they have used when the ticket machine is new (2012)	22.9% [35/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try out all the buttons to see what happens when the ticket machine is new (2012)	5.3% [37/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely ask someone for help when the ticket machine is new (2012)	23.7% [21/38 countries]
% of 15 year old students who definitely try to find a ticket office when the ticket machine is new (2012)	26.2% [29/38 countries]

University> [12]

	Estonia
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	42.2% [17/38 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained short-cycle tertiary education (2020)	6.3% [17/34 countries]
% of 25-64 year olds that has attained Bachelor�fs or higher (2020)	35.9% [13/34 countries]
% of 25-34 year olds that has attained tertiary education (2020)	43.1% [24/38 countries]
% of those who think that only students from the best secondary schools can obtain a university education (2009)	36.0% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that only the rich can afford a university education (2009)	46.6% [8/30 countries]
% of those who think that university is open to every gender, ethnicity or social background (2009)	56.5% [18/30 countries]
Private spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	23.8% [20/35 countries]
Household spending on tertiary education (% of total spending on tertiary education) (2015-2016)	6.5% [28/33 countries]
% of international students in tertiary enrolments (2010)	1.8% [21/25 countries]
Number of researchers in higher education (per thousand employment) (2009)	4.02 [9/32 countries]
Graduation rates at doctorate level (2009)	0.85 [28/33 countries]

Mass media> [7]

	Estonia
% of respondents reporting high levels of trust in media	26.9% (2009) [29/34 countries]
% of those who think that television should give preference to the country's own films and programmes (2013)	32.9% [16/26 countries]
Daily newspapers: number of titles (2004)	13 [29/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Number of titles per 1 million inhabitants (2004)	9.64 [8/35 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation (2004)	257,000 [29/31 countries]
Daily newspapers: Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitants (2004)	191 [15/31 countries]
Newspaper journalists (headcounts)	795 (2005) [22/26 countries]

Higher education and Research> [5]

	Estonia
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) at current PPP million $	830 (2019) [35/37 countries]
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as % of GDP	1.61% (2019) [20/37 countries]
% of GERD financed by the business and enterprise sector	40.8% (2018) [29/36 countries]
% of GERD financed by government	42.8% (2018) [5/36 countries]
Total researchers per thousand total employment	7.68 (2019) [24/34 countries]

Attitude toward science> [1]

	Estonia
% of those who are proud of their country in its scientific and technological achievements (2013)	80.9% [16/26 countries]

eGovernment> [4]

	Estonia
E-Government Development Index (2020)	0.9473 [3/38 countries]
E-Participation Index (as a component of E-Government Development Index) (2020)	1.0000 [1/38 countries]
Online Service Index (as a component of E-Government Development Index) (2020)	0.9941 [2/38 countries]
Human Capital Component (as a component of E-Government Development Index) (2020)	0.9266 [13/38 countries]

Internet> [0]

Geography> [9]

	Estonia
Surface area (square km) (2020)	45,340 [31/38 countries]
Land area (sq. km) (2020)	42,750 [31/38 countries]
Agricultural land (% of land area) (2020)	23.0% [30/38 countries]
Forest area (sq. km) (2020)	24,384 [26/38 countries]
Forest area (% of land area) (2020)	57.0% [7/38 countries]
Coastline (km) (2019)	3,794 [17/38 countries]
Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) (2015)	2.6% [17/32 countries]
Average yearly temperature (degrees Celsius) (1961-1990)	5.1 [33/38 countries]
Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) (2019)	626 [30/38 countries]

Biodiversity> [5]

	Estonia
Bird species, threatened (2018)	9 [31/38 countries]
Fish species, threatened (2018)	5 [35/38 countries]
Mammal species, threatened (2018)	1 [35/38 countries]
Plant species (higher), threatened (2018)	0 [34/38 countries]
Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) (2018)	20.2% [19/38 countries]

Animals, environment and mankind> [0]

Environment and economy> [0]

Environmental protection> [1]

	Estonia
% of those who think that international bodies should have the right to enforce solutions to protect the environment (2013)	36.3% [26/26 countries]

CO2 and energy> [2]

	Estonia
CO2 emissions (kilo tonnes) (2019)	10,180 [34/38 countries]
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tonnes) (2019)	7.67 [12/38 countries]

Energy> [0]

Nuclear and radioactivity> [0]

Environmental pollution> [3]

	Estonia
Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) (2016)	25.0 [12/38 countries]
Mortality rate from unintentional poisoning (per 100 000 population) (2019)	0.6 [4/36 countries]
Proportion of population using safely-managed sanitation services (%) (2020)	93% [14/38 countries]

Waste and cleanness> [1]

	Estonia
Municipal waste (kg per capita)	384 (2020) [32/37 countries]

Effect of the world economy> [0]

Trade> [10]

	Estonia
Exports of goods and services (billion US$) (2020)	21.8 [35/38 countries]
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP (2020)	71.2% [9/38 countries]
Imports of goods and services (billion US$) (2020)	21.7 [35/38 countries]
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP (2020)	70.7% [6/38 countries]
External balance on goods and services (million US$) (2020)	0 [26/38 countries]
Current account balance (billion US$) (2021)	-0.079 [25/38 countries]
Export from Japan (million US$) (2018)	242 [34/37 countries]
Import to Japan (million US$) (2018)	108 [35/37 countries]
% of those who think the import of foreign products should be limited (2013)	33.6% [21/26 countries]
% of those who agree that free trade leads to better products becoming available in the country (2013)	69.0% [3/26 countries]

Foreign direct investment> [2]

	Estonia
Outward direct investment - stock (% of GDP) (2020)	33.5% [20/38 countries]
Inward direct investment - stock (% of GDP) (2020)	110.1% [5/38 countries]

National identity> [23]

	Estonia
% of those willing to be the citizen of their own country (2013)	48.9% [25/26 countries]
% of those who feel ashamed of their country (2013)	63.2% [11/26 countries]
% of those who think that their people would be a model of people from other countries (2013)	11.2% [26/26 countries]
% of those who think that their own country is better than the others (2013)	25.3% [25/26 countries]
% of those who support their country if it is wrong (2013)	46.0% [8/26 countries]
% of those very or somewhat proud of their nationality (2013)	80.3% [22/26 countries]
% of those who are less proud of their country than they would like to be (2013)	57.6% [5/26 countries]
% of those who think that the world would be a better place if the people of their country acknowledged their country's shortcomings (2013)	62.3% [9/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its history (2013)	70.1% [23/26 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society (2013)	40.9% [18/26 countries]
% of those who agree that strong patriotic feelings in their country strengthen their country's place in the world (2013)	60.2% [13/26 countries]
% of those who agree that strong patriotic feelings in their country lead to intolerance in their country (2013)	56.2% [1/26 countries]
% of those who agree that strong patriotic feelings in their country are needed for their country to remain united (2013)	70.0% [10/26 countries]
% of those who agree that strong patriotic feelings in their country lead to negative attitudes towards immigrants (2013)	42.1% [11/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to have been born in the country for being truly their national (2013)	53.7% [24/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to have the country's citizenship for being truly their national (2013)	77.4% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to have lived in the country for most of one's life for being truly their national (2013)	63.3% [23/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to be able to speak the country's language for being truly their national (2013)	91.6% [16/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to belong to the country's religion for being truly their national (2013)	16.7% [24/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to respect the country's political institutions and laws for being truly their national (2013)	89.2% [11/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to feel the country's nationality for being truly their national (2013)	96.1% [1/26 countries]
% of those who think it is important to have the country's ancestry for being truly their national (2013)	44.4% [19/26 countries]
% of those who feel more like a citizen of the world than of any country (2013)	20.9% [19/26 countries]

International relations> [6]

	Estonia
% of those who agree that the country should follow the decisions of international organizations to which it belongs, even if the government does not agree with them (2013)	34.5% [15/26 countries]
Period of United Nations membership ()	1991.0917 [31/38 countries]
% of those who agree that international organizations are taking away too much power from the national government (2013)	57.6% [8/26 countries]
Official Development Assistance (ODA), million US$ (2021)	60 [33/34 countries]
Official Development Assistance (ODA), % of GNI (2021)	0.17% [26/34 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its political influence in the world (2013)	31.5% [19/26 countries]

Military> [4]

	Estonia
Military expenditure (billion US$) (2020)	0.7 [34/38 countries]
Military expenditure (% of GDP) (2020)	2.3% [7/37 countries]
Armed forces personnel (ten thousands) (2019)	0.7 [34/38 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its armed forces (2013)	64.7% [9/25 countries]

Crime and accidents> [9]

	Estonia
Intentional homicide (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	3.17 [8/34 countries]
Serious assault (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	5.8 [31/33 countries]
Kidnapping (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	0.00 [26/26 countries]
Sexual violence (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	23.4 [22/33 countries]
Theft (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	517.4 [23/33 countries]
Fraud (cases per 100,000 population) (2020)	139.1 [20/31 countries]
% of those who think that they have to be corrupt to get all the way to the top in this country today (2009)	27.2% [17/30 countries]
Road traffic mortality rate (per 100,000 population) (2019)	4.5 [24/38 countries]
Mortality rate due to homicide (per 100,000 population) (2019)	2.1 [9/38 countries]

Police> [2]

	Estonia
Number of police personnels (per 100,000 population)	295.3 (2017) [19/35 countries]
Female police personnels (% in all police personnels)	0.3% (2015) [3/34 countries]

Arms> [0]

Body> [1]

	Estonia
Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (5?19 years) (%) (2016)	6.3% [36/38 countries]

Appearance> [0]

Exercise> [0]

Blood> [6]

	Estonia
Prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age (15?49 years) (%) (2019)	21.7% [3/36 countries]
Age-standardized prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30-79 years (%) (2019)	40.2% [8/38 countries]
Blood type A (% of total) (??)	36% [18/19 countries]
Blood type AB (% of total) (??)	7% [5/19 countries]
Blood type B (% of total) (??)	23% [1/19 countries]
Blood type O (% of total) (??)	35% [16/19 countries]

Sleep> [3]

	Estonia
Time spent for sleeping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	530.0 (2009/10) [2/30 countries]
Time spent for sleeping (men, minutes per day per person)	531.8 (2009/10) [1/30 countries]
Time spent for sleeping (women, minutes per day per person)	527.8 (2009/10) [3/30 countries]

Eating> [3]

	Estonia
Time spent for eating and drinking (men and women, minutes per day per person)	79.0 (2009/10) [25/30 countries]
Time spent for eating and drinking (men, minutes per day per person)	82.0 (2009/10) [20/30 countries]
Time spent for eating and drinking (women, minutes per day per person)	76.8 (2009/10) [27/30 countries]

Smoking> [3]

	Estonia
Current tobacco smokers, men and women (% of population)	24.7% (2018) [10/32 countries]
Current tobacco smokers, men (% of population) (2001-2020)	31.4% [5/32 countries]
Current tobacco smokers, women (% of population) (2001-2020)	20.0% [9/32 countries]

Drug> [4]

	Estonia
% of those who use cannabis	6.59% (2018) [18/38 countries]
% of those who use cocaine	1.03% (2018) [18/38 countries]
% of those who use amphetamines	0.94% (2018) [8/36 countries]
% of those who use ecstasy	0.98% (2018) [14/38 countries]

Health status> [2]

	Estonia
Healthy life expectancy at birth - male (2019)	66.4 [31/38 countries]
Healthy life expectancy at birth - female (2019)	71.7 [18/38 countries]

Disease> [5]

	Estonia
New HIV infectionsf (per 1000 uninfected population) (2020)	0.16 [4/19 countries]
Tuberculosis incidence (per 100,000 population) (2020)	10 [10/38 countries]
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among children under 5 years (%) (2020)	0.29 [11/38 countries]
Reported number of people requiring interventions against NTDs (2020)	1 [26/38 countries]
Probability of dying from any of CVD, cancer, diabetes, CRD between age 30-70 (%) (2019)	14.9 [8/38 countries]

Suicide> [33]

	Estonia
Suicide, age-standardized (per 100 000 population) (2019)	11.96 [10/38 countries]
Suicide - male, age-standardized (per 100 000 population) (2019)	20.16 [6/38 countries]
Suicide - female, age-standardized (per 100 000 population) (2019)	4.49 [20/38 countries]
Suicide - 15-24 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	14.64 [3/38 countries]
Suicide - 15-24 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	21.22 [4/38 countries]
Suicide - 15-24 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	7.72 [5/38 countries]
Suicide - 25-34 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	12.11 [16/38 countries]
Suicide - 25-34 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	19.45 [16/38 countries]
Suicide - 25-34 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	3.96 [18/38 countries]
Suicide - 35-44 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	13.48 [15/38 countries]
Suicide - 35-44 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	21.95 [12/38 countries]
Suicide - 35-44 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	4.51 [22/38 countries]
Suicide - 45-54 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	13.23 [30/38 countries]
Suicide - 45-54 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	22.47 [25/38 countries]
Suicide - 45-54 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	4.09 [31/38 countries]
Suicide - 55-64 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	24.49 [7/38 countries]
Suicide - 55-64 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	45.22 [5/38 countries]
Suicide - 55-64 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	6.86 [23/38 countries]
Suicide - 65-74 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	24.39 [4/38 countries]
Suicide - 65-74 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	47.95 [4/38 countries]
Suicide - 65-74 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	8.74 [15/38 countries]
Suicide - 75-84 years (per 100,000 population) (2019)	21.83 [14/38 countries]
Suicide - 75-84 years, male (per 100,000 population) (2019)	39.07 [14/38 countries]
Suicide - 75-84 years, female (per 100,000 population) (2019)	14.03 [10/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	33.09 [8/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	93.36 [5/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	14.92 [7/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	33.09 [8/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	93.36 [5/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	14.92 [7/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	33.09 [8/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	93.36 [5/38 countries]
Suicide - 85 years and over (per 100,000 population) (2019)	14.92 [7/38 countries]

Health care system> [8]

	Estonia
Density of medical doctors (per 10,000 population) (2012-2020)	34.7 [24/38 countries]
Density of nursing and midwifery personnel (per 10,000 population) (2012-2020)	66.1 [28/38 countries]
Density of dentists (per 10,000 population) (2012-2020)	9.8 [11/38 countries]
Density of pharmacists (per 10,000 population) (2012-2020)	7.2 [25/36 countries]
Hospital beds (number per 1,000 population)	4.6 (2018) [13/38 countries]
Average length of stay days (2018)	7.7 [14/37 countries]
Health expenditure (% of GDP) (2016)	6.5% [33/38 countries]
% of those who think it is right that the rich can buy better health care (2009)	24.8% [10/30 countries]

Agriculture> [5]

	Estonia
Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$) (2019)	27,497 [24/38 countries]
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (million US$)	777 (2021) [35/36 countries]
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)	2.1% (2021) [16/36 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.2% [22/38 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	3.2% [22/38 countries]

Cereal, Starchy Roots, Sugar & Sweeteners> [12]

	Estonia
Cereals - Excluding Beer, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	95.85 [35/38 countries]
Wheat and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	55.00 [33/38 countries]
Rice and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.62 [36/38 countries]
Barley and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.81 [6/36 countries]
Maize and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	9.81 [17/35 countries]
Oat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.80 [4/38 countries]
Starchy Roots, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	56.73 [18/38 countries]
Potatoes and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	56.58 [18/38 countries]
Sweet Potatoes, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.15 [17/30 countries]
Sugar & Sweeteners, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	54.50 [12/38 countries]
Sugar (Raw Equivalent), food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	18.75 [36/38 countries]
Honey, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.90 [8/38 countries]

Pulses, Nuts, Oilcrops, Vegetable Oils> [17]

	Estonia
Pulses, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.68 [10/38 countries]
Beans, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.05 [34/36 countries]
Peas, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.62 [2/37 countries]
Soyabeans, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.19 [22/38 countries]
Nuts and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.40 [20/38 countries]
Groundnuts, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.41 [34/38 countries]
Coconuts - Incl Copra, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.04 [36/38 countries]
Olives (including preserved), food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.45 [30/38 countries]
Vegetable Oils, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	11.98 [23/38 countries]
Soyabean Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.29 [33/38 countries]
Groundnut Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.00 [25/38 countries]
Sunflowerseed Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.53 [17/38 countries]
Rape and Mustard Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	3.75 [14/31 countries]
Palm Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.00 [12/31 countries]
Coconut Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.14 [8/29 countries]
Olive Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.45 [27/38 countries]
Maize Germ Oil, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.75 [10/37 countries]

Vegetables, Fruits, Spices> [15]

	Estonia
Vegetables, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	80.75 [27/38 countries]
Tomatoes and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	12.65 [26/38 countries]
Onions, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	6.55 [30/37 countries]
Fruits - Excluding Wine, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	75.42 [23/38 countries]
Oranges, Mandarines, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	14.57 [20/38 countries]
Lemons, Limes and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.05 [27/38 countries]
Grapefruit and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	1.64 [5/38 countries]
Bananas, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	14.12 [10/38 countries]
Apples and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	15.59 [11/38 countries]
Pineapples and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	1.92 [22/38 countries]
Dates, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.08 [31/38 countries]
Grapes and products (excl wine), food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.58 [19/38 countries]
Spices, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	1.42 [4/38 countries]
Pepper, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.25 [3/38 countries]
Pimento, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.46 [3/37 countries]

Stimulants, Alcoholic Beverages> [8]

	Estonia
Stimulants, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.95 [21/38 countries]
Coffee and products, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.68 [20/38 countries]
Tea (including mate), food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.27 [23/38 countries]
Alcoholic Beverages, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	101.14 [13/38 countries]
Total alcohol per capita (??15 years of age) consumptionl (litres of pure alcohol) (2019)	10.8 [17/38 countries]
Wine, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	16.35 [19/38 countries]
Beer, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	66.93 [19/38 countries]
Fermented beverages, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.00 [37/38 countries]

Meat, Diary, Fish> [15]

	Estonia
Meat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	68.69 [29/38 countries]
Bovine Meat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	9.12 [33/38 countries]
Mutton & Goat Meat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	0.48 [28/38 countries]
Pigmeat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	36.99 [12/38 countries]
Poultry Meat, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	21.96 [23/38 countries]
Offals, Edible, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	3.01 [16/38 countries]
Butter, Ghee, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	4.19 [12/38 countries]
Animal Fats, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	5.19 [25/38 countries]
Eggs, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	13.25 [13/38 countries]
Milk (Excluding Butter), food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	278.30 [4/38 countries]
Fish, Seafood, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	14.66 [27/38 countries]
Freshwater Fish, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	1.36 [35/38 countries]
Demersal Fish, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	7.32 [14/38 countries]
Pelagic Fish, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.29 [36/38 countries]
Crustaceans, food supply quantity (kg/capita/year) (2019)	2.93 [16/38 countries]

Eating behaviors> [0]

Leisure> [2]

	Estonia
Time spent for leisure (men and women, minutes per day per person)	309.4 (2009/10) [13/30 countries]
Time spent for leisure (men, minutes per day per person)	345.3 (2009/10) [8/30 countries]

Game> [0]

Tourism> [7]

	Estonia
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness (ranking by World Economic Forum) (2019)	46 [31/38 countries]
Number of foreign visitors to Japan (2019)	3,426 [32/37 countries]
Number of foreign visitors to Japan (per 10,000 population) (2019)	25.8 [24/37 countries]
International tourism, receipts (% of total exports) (2019)	10.1% [8/29 countries]
International tourism, number of arrivals (ten thousands) (2019)	610.3 [27/37 countries]
International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports) (2019)	8.3% [5/29 countries]
International tourism, number of departures (ten thousands) (2019)	170.2 [36/38 countries]

Culture> [1]

	Estonia
Number of world heritage properties (2011)	2 [33/38 countries]

Books> [6]

	Estonia
Book production, annual total	3,265 (1999) [26/33 countries]
Book production, % of arts and recreation	5.7% (1999) [20/33 countries]
Book production, % of literature	33.1% (1999) [6/33 countries]
Book production, % of religion and theology	3.0% (1999) [26/33 countries]
Book production, % of sciences	46.3% (1999) [12/33 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its achievements in the arts and literature (2013)	83.6% [11/26 countries]

TV and radio> [2]

	Estonia
Time spent for TV or radio at home (men and women, minutes per day per person)	122.2 (2009/10) [14/30 countries]
Time spent for TV or radio at home (men, minutes per day per person)	140.4 (2009/10) [7/30 countries]

Music> [0]

Movie> [3]

	Estonia
Number of cinemas (2005)	58 [25/29 countries]
Film production, 2005-2009 average (2005-2009)	10.8 [31/38 countries]
Average ticket price (US$)	5.87 (2009) [24/33 countries]

Sports> [4]

	Estonia
Time spent for sports (men and women, minutes per day per person)	27.5 (2009/10) [9/30 countries]
Time spent for sports (men, minutes per day per person)	32.3 (2009/10) [9/30 countries]
Time spent for sports (women, minutes per day per person)	22.7 (2009/10) [10/30 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its achievements in sports (2013)	90.4% [5/26 countries]