World\nMajor advanced countries\nNordic and major advanced countries\nOECD members\nTPP\n

Australia\nCanada\nFrance\nGermany\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nSweden\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n Choose a country to compare\n----------\nAustralia\nCanada\nFrance\nGermany\nItaly\nJapan\nRepublic of Korea\nSweden\nUnited Kingdom\nUnited States\n

All rankings including Australia\nRankings in which Australia is Top\nRankings in which Australia is Top 1-3\nRankings in which Australia is Bottom 1-3\nRankings in which Australia is Bottom\nRankings in which Australia is either Top or Bottom\nRankings in which Australia is either Top3 or Bottom3\n

Election and Democracy> [30]

	Australia
Voter turnout in the national election	89.7% (2022) [1/10 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2014)	6.34 [1/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to vote in elections (2004)	6.17 [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that elections are a good way of making governments pay attention to what the people think (1996)	76.7% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2014)	70.6% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that the last national election was fair regarding the opportunities of the candidates and parties to campaign (2004)	67.0% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2014)	69.7% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that referendums are a good way to decide important political questions (2004)	63.4% [9/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (2003)	83.1% [2/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in the way democracy works (1995)	79.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	29.5% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that giving people more say is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	28.7% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	13.4% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that protecting freedom of speech is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	15.9% [1/7 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy works well in their country today (2014)	7.03 [2/8 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy worked well in their country 10 years ago (2014)	7.40 [2/8 countries]
Extent to which people think democracy will work well in their country 10 years from now (2014)	6.26 [3/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2014)	6.50 [3/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that all citizens have an adequate standard of living (2004)	6.57 [2/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2014)	6.08 [5/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities (2004)	6.00 [5/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2014)	5.80 [7/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making (2004)	6.04 [6/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2014)	3.63 [8/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions (2004)	3.69 [9/9 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that governments respect democratic rights whatever the circumstances (2014)	5.84 [6/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that people convicted of serious crimes lose their citizen rights (2014)	5.58 [3/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that long-term residents of a country, who are not citizens, have the right to vote in that country�fs national elections (2014)	3.35 [6/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that citizens have the right not to vote (2014)	3.76 [7/8 countries]
Extent to which people think it important that health care be provided for everyone (2014)	6.51 [3/8 countries]

Politician> [14]

	Australia
Statutory number of members (As of February 16, 2023)	151 [10/10 countries]
Inhabitants per parliamentarian (2021)	104,846 [5/10 countries]
% of women in parliament (As of February 16, 2023)	38.41% [2/10 countries]
% of MPs 40 years of age or younger (As of February 16, 2023)	13.19% [7/10 countries]
Women in ministerial positions (% of all ministers) (2021)	26.7% [8/10 countries]
Average age of cabinet members (2018)	48.87 [10/10 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2014)	39.0% [2/8 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2010)	30.4% [2/9 countries]
% of those who trust politicians (2004)	40.4% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for what they can get out of it personally (2010)	50.7% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2016)	20.7% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that many politicians are involved in corruption (2006)	17.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2014)	46.6% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that most politicians are in politics only for their own interest (2004)	49.2% [5/9 countries]

Political party and organization> [9]

	Australia
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2014)	19.3% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that political parties encourage people to become active in politics (2004)	21.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2014)	61.3% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that political parties do not give voters real policy choices (2004)	62.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2014)	5.1% [7/8 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2004)	4.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who belong to a political party (2001)	23.2% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who vote for the party/the parties in government have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	10.6% [6/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to be active in social or political associations (2014)	3.86 [5/8 countries]

Parliament> [7]

	Australia
% of those who have confidence in parliament (2008)	59.6% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have confidence in parliament (1998)	64.7% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2016)	31.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (2006)	26.8% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that MPs try to keep the promises they have made during the election (1996)	29.2% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2014)	18.1% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that the parliament considers your action if you take action against an unjust or harmful law (2004)	12.9% [5/7 countries]

Political awareness> [59]

	Australia
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2016)	3.44 [1/8 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (2006)	3.40 [1/9 countries]
Degree of interest in politics (5 steps) (1996)	3.50 [1/9 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2014)	61.9% [3/8 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2007)	58.8% [3/6 countries]
% of those interested in politics (4 choices) (2004)	58.7% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is left (2014)	13.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is center (2014)	45.2% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that their political position is right (2014)	21.1% [1/8 countries]
Average of political position (2014)	5.30 [3/8 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	61.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2004)	58.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2014)	23.5% [4/5 countries]
% of those who read the political content of a newspaper every day (2004)	14.9% [5/5 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2014)	19.4% [5/5 countries]
% of those who never read the political content of a newspaper (2004)	21.0% [1/5 countries]
% of those who use the media to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	68.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who never use the media to obtain political news or information (2014)	5.9% [3/8 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2014)	39.9% [4/5 countries]
% of those who watch political news on television every day (2004)	34.5% [3/5 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2014)	9.8% [3/5 countries]
% of those who never watch political news on television (2004)	9.5% [1/5 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2014)	25.5% [2/5 countries]
% of those who listen to political news on the radio every day (2004)	20.1% [3/5 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2014)	31.9% [5/5 countries]
% of those who never listen to political news on the radio (2004)	28.1% [2/5 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2014)	18.8% [4/5 countries]
% of those who use the Internet to obtain political news or information every day (2004)	3.3% [5/5 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2014)	46.0% [4/5 countries]
% of those who never use the Internet to obtain political news or information (2004)	74.0% [3/5 countries]
% of those who have expressed political views on the internet (2014)	18.7% [2/8 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2014)	31.5% [5/8 countries]
% of those who often or sometimes try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share their political opinion (2004)	32.1% [7/9 countries]
% of young people (-29) who often or sometimes discuss political matters with friends, relatives or fellow workers (2014)	0.5% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2014)	11.2% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2006)	18.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (2004)	14.5% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that others are better informed about politics and government (1996)	12.1% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2016)	68.7% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2014)	71.9% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2006)	65.2% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (2004)	68.6% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that they understand political issues of the country (1996)	64.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2017)	53.6% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2016)	59.2% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2014)	45.0% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2006)	53.3% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2004)	55.2% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (2001)	42.8% [3/4 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have no political voice (1996)	51.1% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (2006)	20.4% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that ordinary citizens have considerable influence on politics (1996)	22.0% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that citizens in general has the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	7.6% [5/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2014)	55.0% [6/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that the government cares much what people like them think (2004)	60.8% [4/9 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2014)	5.92 [3/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to keep watch on the actions of government (2004)	6.06 [3/9 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2014)	5.81 [2/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to try to understand the reasoning of people with other opinions (2004)	5.91 [2/9 countries]

Political action> [31]

	Australia
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2014)	46.8% [3/8 countries]
% of those who would take action when the parliament considers an unjust or harmful law (2004)	42.0% [5/9 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2014)	37.1% [1/8 countries]
% of those who have attempted to contact a politician or a civil servant to express their views (2004)	33.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2014)	37.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who have donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity (2004)	43.1% [6/9 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2014)	80.0% [1/8 countries]
% of those who have signed a petition (2004)	83.7% [1/9 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2014)	5.01 [3/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more (2004)	5.12 [2/9 countries]
% of those who take part in activities of political parties, political groups or associations once a month or more (2017)	5.2% [1/7 countries]
% of those who never take part in activities of political parties, political groups or associations (2017)	87.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2014)	23.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who have attended a political meeting (2004)	22.4% [6/9 countries]
% of those who would attend a public meeting organized to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	81.8% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2016)	92.7% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (2006)	93.4% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the government (1996)	96.0% [1/7 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2014)	24.0% [4/8 countries]
% of those who have attended demonstrations (2004)	20.7% [5/9 countries]
% of those who would go on a protest march or demonstration to protest against a government action they strongly opposed (1996)	50.7% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2016)	74.4% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (2006)	74.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that it should be allowed to organise protest marches and demonstrations (1996)	82.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2016)	48.2% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (2006)	51.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to hold public meetings (1996)	64.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	17.1% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by force should be allowed to hold public meetings (2004)	14.5% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2016)	57.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that people who want to overthrow the government by revolution should be allowed to publish books expressing their views (2006)	56.9% [6/7 countries]

Public officials> [16]

	Australia
% of central government employees aged 55 years or older (2020)	19.46% [8/10 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2016)	33.0% [1/8 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (2006)	29.8% [1/7 countries]
% of those who trust in civil servants (1996)	25.9% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2014)	71.7% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that the public service is committed to serve the people (2004)	64.1% [4/9 countries]
Evaluation of control of corruption (0-100) (2021)	94.7 [3/10 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2014)	55.4% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2006)	40.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that few public officials are involved in corruption (2004)	53.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that many public officials are involved in corruption (2016)	18.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2016)	87.7% [3/8 countries]
% of those who say that they or their family have never come across a public official who hinted/ wanted a bribe in the last five years (2006)	87.7% [5/9 countries]
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	58.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	7.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to help them with administrative problems or official paperwork (2017)	8.7% [7/7 countries]

Public finance> [17]

	Australia
General government expenditures as % of GDP (2022)	38.4% [8/10 countries]
General government primary net lending/borrowing as % of GDP (2022)	-2.32% [6/10 countries]
General government gross debt as % of GDP (2022)	57% [8/10 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2016)	58.1% [4/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (2006)	44.3% [6/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of cuts in government spending (1996)	68.0% [6/7 countries]
General government expenditures for General public services, as % of GDP (2020)	3.7% [8/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Defence, as % of GDP (2020)	2.5% [2/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Public order and safety, as % of GDP (2020)	2.2% [1/8 countries]
General government expenditures for economic affairs, as % of GDP (2020)	9.4% [1/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Environment protection, as % of GDP (2020)	1.0% [3/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Housing and community amenities, as % of GDP (2020)	0.7% [3/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Health, as % of GDP (2020)	8.3% [6/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Recreation, culture and religion, as % of GDP (2020)	1.0% [4/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.1% [2/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Education, as % of GDP (2020)	6.1% [2/8 countries]
General government expenditures for Social protection, as % of GDP (2020)	11.9% [8/8 countries]

Tax> [23]

	Australia
General government revenues as % of GDP (2022)	35% [8/10 countries]
Value Added Tax/ General Sales Tax - Rates (2021)	10.0% [6/9 countries]
Corporate income tax rate (central + sub-central) (2021)	30.00% [1/10 countries]
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains, % of GDP (2019)	16.4% [2/10 countries]
Social security contributions, % of GDP (2019)	0.0% [10/10 countries]
Taxes on property, % of GDP (2019)	2.7% [6/10 countries]
Taxes on goods and services, % of GDP (2019)	7.3% [7/10 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2019)	24.6% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2016)	26.6% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2009)	23.0% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (2006)	42.2% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too high for those with high incomes (1996)	22.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2019)	45.8% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2016)	44.3% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2009)	45.5% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (2006)	28.5% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that taxes are too low for those with high incomes (1996)	51.0% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2019)	72.1% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (2009)	72.4% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that people with high incomes should pay a larger % of their income in taxes than those with low incomes (1999)	77.9% [4/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2014)	6.41 [4/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, never to try to evade taxes (2004)	6.19 [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that the tax authorities always/ often make sure people pay their taxes (2016)	70.9% [6/8 countries]

Social security> [38]

	Australia
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (2003)	59.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its social security system (1995)	52.4% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that the social benefits in their country make people lazy (2017)	52.4% [2/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2016)	56.9% [5/8 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (2006)	53.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in old age pensions (1996)	49.8% [4/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2016)	94.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2006)	94.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (2001)	92.6% [6/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the old (1996)	94.1% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2016)	38.3% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the provision of decent life for the old (2006)	34.9% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	72.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	71.5% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	2.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that private companies should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	6.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2017)	15.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that family, relatives or friends should primarily provide care for older people (2016)	10.0% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think "government agencies should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	34.2% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	55.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that 1-6 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	35.2% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that 7-12 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	27.8% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	4.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that 13-36 months of paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	0.5% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government should pay for parental leave (2012)	26.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	6.0% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that both the government and the employer should pay for parental leave (2012)	67.0% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think the employers should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	2.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think the family itself should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	69.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think the government/public funds should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age (2012)	28.1% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think government agencies should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	15.2% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that poverty is the most important issue for their country (2010)	3.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government should spend less on benefits for the poor (2009)	9.8% [6/9 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2016)	73.5% [7/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (2006)	79.9% [4/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing decent housing for those who can't afford it (1996)	76.0% [5/7 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2014)	5.81 [2/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, to help people in the country who are worse off than themselves (2004)	5.83 [2/9 countries]

Law and Justice> [10]

	Australia
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2016)	68.7% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (2006)	69.2% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person go free (1996)	74.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2016)	59.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (2006)	58.0% [6/7 countries]
% of those who follow conscience rather than law on occasions (2 choices) (1996)	67.6% [4/7 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2014)	6.50 [2/8 countries]
Extent to which people think that it is important, in order to be a good citizen, always to obey laws and regulations (2004)	6.43 [4/9 countries]
Extent to which people trust the courts (2017)	5.50 [5/7 countries]
% of those who have confidence in the justice system (5 choices) (2008)	66.9% [7/9 countries]

Population> [15]

	Australia
Population (ten thousands) (2021)	2,573.9 [9/10 countries]
Popuation growth (annual) (2021)	0.1% [5/10 countries]
Popuation change in the last 20 years (2001-2021)	32.6% [1/10 countries]
0-14 years, % of the total population (2021)	19.3% [1/10 countries]
15-64 years, % of the total population (2021)	64.2% [4/10 countries]
65 years and over, % of the total population (2021)	16.5% [10/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Both sexes (years) (2020)	83.2 [3/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years) (2020)	85.3 [3/10 countries]
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years) (2020)	81.2 [2/10 countries]
Population density (per square kilometer) (2021)	3.3 [10/10 countries]
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) (2021)	61.8 [2/10 countries]
% of those who think that population growth cannot be supported (2010)	69.0% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between young people and older people (2019)	26.4% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between young people and older people (1999)	28.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that younger people should be medically prioritized over older people (2011)	51.6% [2/9 countries]

Marriage and sex> [36]

	Australia
Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 population)	3.1 (2020) [8/10 countries]
Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 population)	1.9 (2020) [5/10 countries]
Relative divorce rate (ratio of divorces to marriages in the latest year) (2008-2020)	0.61 [4/10 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, men	81.6% (2016) [5/10 countries]
% of ever married at 50-54, women	86.3% (2016) [7/10 countries]
% of those who have lived together without getting married (1994)	11.0% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (2002)	51.5% [4/5 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1998)	25.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first (1994)	47.8% [5/6 countries]
% of those who lived with their husband or wife before they got married (1994)	24.4% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (2012)	27.3% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (2002)	44.1% [1/5 countries]
% of those who think that married people are generally happier than unmarried people (1994)	44.0% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (2002)	2.8% [4/5 countries]
% of those who think that it is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (1994)	2.9% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2012)	47.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (2002)	65.9% [1/5 countries]
% of those who think that people who want children ought to get married (1994)	71.1% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that the main purpose of marriage these days is to have children (1994)	22.6% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (2012)	69.5% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (2002)	65.3% [4/5 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1998)	27.1% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (1994)	57.0% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (2012)	52.8% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (2002)	52.5% [4/5 countries]
% of those who think that a couple should divorce when their marriage does not work well (1994)	57.8% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that the main advantage of marriage is that it gives financial security (1994)	16.1% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (2008)	64.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1998)	63.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that adultery is always wrong (1994)	59.0% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (2008)	9.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that sex before marriage is always wrong (1998)	14.2% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that sex under 16 years old is always wrong (1994)	60.7% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (2008)	36.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1998)	48.2% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that homosexuality is always wrong (1994)	55.1% [4/6 countries]

Birth> [14]

	Australia
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2020)	1.58 [4/10 countries]
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 people) (2020)	11.5 [1/10 countries]
Mean age of women at childbirth (2020)	30.7 [8/10 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (2012)	44.9% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that their ideal number of children is 3 or more (1994)	44.0% [2/6 countries]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) (2017)	6 [7/10 countries]
Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) (2020)	3.1 [5/10 countries]
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (2020)	4 [3/10 countries]
Adolescent fertility rate (Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) (2020)	10.5 [3/10 countries]
% of births outside of marriage (2018)	35.3% [5/10 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (2008)	15.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if there is a strong chance of serious defect in the baby (1998)	16.1% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (2008)	34.9% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is wrong for a woman to have an abortion if her family cannot afford any more children (1998)	37.3% [7/9 countries]

Parent-child relations> [18]

	Australia
% of children (aged 0-17) living with a single parent	18.0% (2012) [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2017)	55.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents (2001)	42.4% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that adult children are an important source of help for elderly parents (2012)	71.8% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (2012)	9.8% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents (1994)	9.6% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (2012)	45.5% [2/6 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (2002)	31.0% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (1994)	24.6% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2012)	84.9% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (2002)	83.2% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that watching children grow up is life's greatest joy (1994)	82.4% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that children are a financial burden (2012)	35.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that those with young children should be medically prioritized over those not (2011)	35.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex female couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	43.7% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that a same sex male couple can bring up a child as well as a male-female couple (2012)	40.5% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that having children increases people's social standing in society (2012)	23.8% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that having children restricts the employment and career chances (2012)	40.3% [5/9 countries]

Family> [14]

	Australia
% of those who live with their brother/ sister, among those who have brother/ sister (2017)	5.4% [2/7 countries]
% of those who but do not live with their brother/ sister but contact frequently (2017)	40.4% [6/7 countries]
Total public social expenditure on families as % of GDP (2017)	2.10% [6/10 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	75.7% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	43.0% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	68.9% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that their family members put pressure on them about the way they live or organise their personal life (2017)	25.3% [2/7 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2017)	24.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who feel that their family, relatives and/or friends make too many demands on them (2001)	44.2% [2/8 countries]
% of those who face anger of their family or close friends (2017)	28.0% [2/7 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2012)	5.60 [3/9 countries]
Extent of satisfaction with family life (7 steps) (2002)	5.62 [2/7 countries]
Fathers' time spent on physical care and child supervision (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	30.1 [8/9 countries]
Fathers' time spent teaching, reading, and playing with children (as mothers=100) (Latest available year)	60.9 [7/9 countries]

Domestic problems> [3]

	Australia
Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 (%) (2020)	2.1% [4/5 countries]
Prevalence of overweight in children under 5 (%) (2020)	18.5% [1/6 countries]
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15?49 years subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime (%) (2018)	23% [3/8 countries]

Migration> [34]

	Australia
International migrant stock (% of immigrants in the population) (2020)	30.1% [1/10 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (2019)	76,768 [8/10 countries]
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per 10,000 people) (2019)	30.3 [5/10 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2008)	89.7% [1/9 countries]
% of those who experience migration (2001)	88.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who experience international migration (2008)	25.1% [1/9 countries]
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to find a place to live (2017)	59.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to find a place to live (2017)	12.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to find a place to live (2017)	9.0% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (2003)	23.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be increased (1995)	11.4% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (2003)	39.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that the number of immigrants to the country nowadays should be reduced (1995)	60.7% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (2003)	34.8% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants increase crime rates (1995)	31.4% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigration is the most important issue for their country (2010)	6.4% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between domestic-born and foreign-born (2019)	47.1% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (2003)	70.5% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants are generally good for the country's economy (1995)	63.9% [1/8 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (2003)	25.4% [7/9 countries]
% of those who agree that immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country (1995)	36.2% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (2003)	74.7% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that immigrants improve your country's society by bringing in new ideas and cultures (1995)	87.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (2003)	42.8% [7/9 countries]
% of those who agree that it is impossible for people who do not share their country's customs and traditions to become fully their country's nationalty (1995)	42.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (2003)	16.9% [8/9 countries]
% of those who agree that ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions (1995)	16.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (2003)	18.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is better for society if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct customs and traditions (1995)	17.3% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (2003)	43.5% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that foreigners should not be allowed to buy land in this country (1995)	42.4% [1/8 countries]
% of those who agree that legal immigrants to their country who are not citizens should have the same rights as their country's citizens (2003)	40.4% [7/9 countries]
% of those who agree that their country should take stronger measures to exclude illegal immigrants (2003)	72.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that people prejudiced against any racial or ethnic group should be allowed to hold public meetings (2014)	26.0% [3/8 countries]

National economy> [13]

	Australia
GDP (current US$, billions) (2021)	1,633.290 [9/10 countries]
GDP per capita (current US$) (2021)	63,529 [2/10 countries]
GDP per capita (PPP, current international$) (2021)	56,403 [4/10 countries]
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (2021)	56,760 [3/10 countries]
Labour Productivity (GDP per hour worked, current PPP US$) (2020)	65.0 [6/10 countries]
Shadow economy, as % of GDP (2015)	8.1% [8/10 countries]
% of those who think that the economy is the most important issue for their country (2010)	34.0% [3/8 countries]
Total reserves (includes gold, 100 million US$) (2021)	579 [10/10 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2016)	82.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (2006)	85.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing industry with the help it needs to grow (1996)	86.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (2003)	84.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who are proud of their country in its economic achievements (1995)	51.6% [5/8 countries]

Saving and investment> [2]

	Australia
Share prices (10 years ago as 100) (2021)	222 [6/10 countries]
% of currency and deposits in household financial assets	21.6% (2021) [7/10 countries]

Price and interest> [27]

	Australia
Price level index - Gross Domestic Product [= the whole national economy] (OECD=100) (2017)	130 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Food (OECD=100) (2017)	121 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Bread and cereals (OECD=100) (2017)	133 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Meat (OECD=100) (2017)	111 [6/10 countries]
Price level index - Fish (OECD=100) (2017)	113 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Milk, cheese and eggs (OECD=100) (2017)	135 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Fruits, vegetables, potatoes (OECD=100) (2017)	123 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Non-alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	125 [2/10 countries]
Price level index - Alcoholic beverages (OECD=100) (2017)	181 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Tobacco (OECD=100) (2017)	270 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Clothing and footwear (OECD=100) (2017)	101 [6/10 countries]
Price level index - Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (OECD=100) (2017)	168 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Hospital services (OECD=100) (2017)	132 [2/10 countries]
Price level index - Transport (OECD=100) (2017)	110 [7/10 countries]
Price level index - Communication (OECD=100) (2017)	96 [4/10 countries]
Price level index - Recreation and culture (OECD=100) (2017)	113 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Education (OECD=100) (2017)	137 [3/10 countries]
Price level index - Restaurants and hotels (OECD=100) (2017)	128 [2/10 countries]
Price level index - Construction (OECD=100) (2017)	156 [1/10 countries]
Price level index - Services in total (OECD=100) (2017)	131 [1/10 countries]
Long-term interest rate (2021)	1.47% [2/10 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2016)	75.9% [5/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (2006)	86.8% [3/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for keeping prices under control (1996)	81.0% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (2010)	28.6% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that fighting rising prices is the most important aim of the country out of maintaining national order/ giving people more say/ fighting rising prices/ protecting freedom of speech (1993)	13.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who would choose keeping down inflation rather than keeping down unemployment, (1996)	42.4% [3/6 countries]

Income inequality> [48]

	Australia
Income inequality (gini coefficient) (2018)	0.325 [5/10 countries]
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (% of those below 50% of the current median income) (2018)	12.4% [5/10 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (2009)	51.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who are dissatisfied with their earnings (1999)	43.8% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is difficult for their household to make ends meet (2019)	22.3% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that it is difficult for their household to make ends meet (2017)	27.1% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it will be difficult for their household to make ends meet for the next 12 months (2019)	25.9% [5/8 countries]
% of those who skip a meal because there is not enough money once a month or more (2019)	6.5% [3/8 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	56.8% [9/9 countries]
% of men who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2002)	63.9% [7/7 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2012)	14.6% [7/9 countries]
% of women who say that they have a higher income than their partner (2002)	30.3% [1/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2012)	25.8% [1/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners have about the same income (2002)	28.1% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that the income distribution of their country is unfair (2019)	59.0% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2019)	75.5% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2017)	71.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (2009)	74.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that differences in income in the country are too large (1999)	70.9% [5/8 countries]
% of those who contact people who are a lot poorer than them every day (2019)	21.7% [4/8 countries]
% of those who contact people who are a lot richer than them every day (2019)	16.3% [4/8 countries]
Extent of anger at differences in wealth (2019)	4.42 [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2019)	25.2% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (2009)	26.8% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between poor people and rich people (1999)	33.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that differences in people�fs standard of living should be small for a society to be fair (2017)	54.6% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2019)	56.4% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2017)	45.8% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2010)	46.3% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (2009)	51.3% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1999)	49.7% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1996)	42.5% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (5 choices) (1993)	40.7% [6/6 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2016)	59.9% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (2006)	60.6% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1998)	68.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is responsible for reducing income inequality (4 choices) (1996)	51.7% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	53.3% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that private companies are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	24.7% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	4.5% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that high income people are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	2.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that low income people are tne most responsible for reducing income inequality (2019)	5.4% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that income differences do not need to be reduced (2019)	9.3% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that politicians do not care about reducing the differences in income (2019)	73.6% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in reducing the differences in income (2019)	5.3% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	75.7% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2017)	43.0% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that they should take care of themselves and their family first, before helping other people (2001)	68.9% [6/8 countries]

Social inequality> [30]

	Australia
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2019)	4.6% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	6.1% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	9.3% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2019)	30.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	29.5% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	32.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2019)	29.3% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	21.7% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	24.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2019)	34.8% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (2009)	40.7% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with most people in the middle (1999)	32.3% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2019)	1.2% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	2.1% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country is a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (1999)	0.9% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2019)	0.3% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (2009)	1.0% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with a small elite at the top, very few people in the middle and the great mass of people at the bottom (1999)	0.8% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2019)	3.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (2009)	3.8% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid with a small elite at the top, more people in the middle, and most at the bottom (1999)	6.0% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2019)	12.3% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (2009)	14.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society like a pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom (1999)	13.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2019)	56.8% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (2009)	57.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with most people in the middle (1999)	55.4% [1/7 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2019)	27.4% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (2009)	23.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that their country ought to be a society with many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom (1999)	24.3% [4/7 countries]

Social position> [51]

	Australia
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2019)	13.7% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	12.3% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the upper class (10 choices) (1999)	13.5% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2019)	79.9% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	80.6% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the middle class (10 choices) (1999)	78.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2019)	49.1% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	44.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2019)	16.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the "Lower middle class" (6 choices) (2009)	18.5% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2019)	6.5% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	7.1% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that they belong to the lower class (10 choices) (1999)	8.2% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2019)	11.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the upper class (10 choices) (2009)	10.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2019)	74.3% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the middle class (10 choices) (2009)	73.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2019)	14.3% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that they grew up in the lower class (10 choices) (2009)	15.3% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the upper class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	19.0% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the middle class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	67.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that they will be in the lower class ahead 10 years (10 choices) (2019)	13.2% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (2009)	50.2% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is higher than their fathers' job (1999)	51.1% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (2009)	20.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that the social status of their job is lower than their fathers' job (1999)	21.6% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (2009)	48.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between people at the top of society and people at the bottom (1999)	57.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	13.6% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	21.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that coming from a wealthy family is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	20.9% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	28.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that having well-educated parents is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	39.2% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	68.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that having a good education is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	80.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that having ambition is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	81.2% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	81.0% [2/8 countries]
% of those who think that hard work is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	86.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	33.0% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	38.9% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that knowing the right people is very important for getting ahead in life (1999)	39.7% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	7.8% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that having political connections is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	11.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	1.5% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that giving bribes is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	2.0% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	6.5% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that race is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	7.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	5.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that religion is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	5.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2019)	11.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think that man or woman is very important for getting ahead in life (2009)	10.3% [4/9 countries]

Manufacturing> [1]

	Australia
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)	5.5% (2021) [10/10 countries]

Services> [2]

	Australia
Tourism, % of GDP	2.6% (2019) [3/5 countries]
Tourism, employment, % of total employment	5.0% (2019) [4/7 countries]

Financial sector> [3]

	Australia
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	46.8% [6/7 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	29.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to help them if they needed to borrow a large sum of money (2017)	5.4% [4/7 countries]

Companies> [10]

	Australia
Extent to which people trust major private companies (2017)	4.16 [6/7 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (2008)	78.6% [1/9 countries]
% of those who have confidence in business and industry (1998)	75.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (2010)	41.0% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that private enterprise is the best way to solve their country's economic problems (1993)	53.5% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies comply with laws and regulations (2016)	46.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that major private companies try to avoid paying their taxes (2016)	69.4% [2/8 countries]
% of those who agree that large international companies are doing more and more damage to local businesses in the country (2003)	77.1% [2/9 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2014)	57.8% [2/8 countries]
% of those who have joined in boycotts (2004)	55.2% [1/9 countries]

Starting business> [2]

	Australia
New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64) (2020)	14.27 [2/6 countries]
Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) (2019)	0.7% [6/10 countries]

Industrial policy> [9]

	Australia
% of those who think that business, banks and industry have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	38.5% [5/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2016)	48.5% [4/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (2006)	49.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of less government regulation of business (1996)	59.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2016)	90.7% [1/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (2006)	93.1% [1/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for industry to develop new products and technology (1996)	95.5% [1/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2016)	43.0% [7/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government support for declining industries to protect jobs (2006)	51.3% [6/7 countries]

Employment> [26]

	Australia
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (2021)	83.3% [3/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (2021)	75.1% [3/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-44) (2021)	92.3% [8/10 countries]
Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-44) (2021)	80.6% [6/10 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), men (2021)	70.8% [5/10 countries]
Employment rate, 60-64 years old (% of population ages 60-64), women (2021)	60.2% [4/10 countries]
% of those who think that the employment of elderly people is good for the country's economy (2015)	72.4% [2/3 countries]
% of those who think that the employment of elderly people takes jobs away from younger people (2015)	15.3% [3/3 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	2.6% [4/10 countries]
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (2019)	2.6% [4/10 countries]
Employment in industry (% of total employment) (2019)	19.1% [8/10 countries]
Employment in services (% of total employment) (2019)	78.4% [5/10 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male and female	26.2% (2019) [8/8 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: male	27.7% (2019) [8/8 countries]
% of employees whose job tenure is 10 years and more: female	24.6% (2019) [8/8 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2015)	59.6% [7/7 countries]
% of men who prefer a full time job (2005)	68.4% [5/9 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2015)	25.6% [7/7 countries]
% of women who prefer a full time job (2005)	34.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2016)	38.6% [7/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (2006)	43.1% [6/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1998)	55.3% [6/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a job for everyone who wants one (1996)	43.8% [6/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2016)	86.4% [1/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (2006)	86.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of government financing of projects to create new jobs (1996)	84.2% [3/7 countries]

Female employment> [57]

	Australia
Gender wage gap (comparison of median)	12.3% (2020) [6/9 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for promoting equality between men and women (2016)	84.4% [6/8 countries]
Maternal employment rate - child under 15	68.8% (2019) [8/10 countries]
Share of female managers	40.0% (2020) [3/9 countries]
Female share of the directors of the largest publicly listed companies (2021)	34.8% [6/10 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2012)	16.4% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2008)	16.3% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (2002)	21.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1998)	25.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family (1994)	27.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (2012)	46.7% [4/6 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (2002)	38.9% [5/7 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1998)	39.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who do not think that family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job (1994)	37.3% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (2012)	52.5% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (2002)	44.6% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that both husband and wife should contribute to household income (5 choices) (1994)	45.0% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (2012)	50.0% [3/6 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (2002)	47.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay (5 choices) (1994)	47.8% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (2012)	27.8% [4/6 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (2002)	28.4% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that what most women really want is a home and children (1994)	35.0% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (2012)	68.3% [5/6 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (2002)	63.6% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that working mothers have no bad influence over children (5 choices) (1994)	53.6% [8/8 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (2012)	50.4% [3/6 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (2002)	38.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who do not think that a pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works (1994)	35.7% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think that the mother and the father should each take half of paid parental leave (2012)	27.1% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take most of the paid leave period and the father should take some of it. (2012)	51.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that the mother should take the entire paid parental leave (2012)	21.3% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that no paid parental leave is necessary (2012)	31.8% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2012)	3.4% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (2002)	3.2% [5/5 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time when there is a child under school age (1994)	3.9% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	2.0% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that both mother and father should work part-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	10.4% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2012)	44.3% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (2002)	58.0% [1/5 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home when there is a child under school age (1994)	65.3% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that mother should stay at home and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	41.4% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that mother should work part-time and father should work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	45.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that both mother and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	65.2% [1/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that father stay at home and mother work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	14.5% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think it is least desirable that mother stay at home and father work full-time when they have a child under school age (2012)	8.7% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2012)	25.8% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (2002)	16.1% [5/5 countries]
% of those who think that women should work outside the home full-time after the youngest child starts school (1994)	16.1% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2012)	2.1% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (2002)	6.7% [5/5 countries]
% of those who think that women should stay at home after the youngest child starts school (1994)	11.1% [4/8 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	67.6% [2/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2002)	74.7% [1/7 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	71.8% [2/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	35.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2002)	29.2% [6/7 countries]

Self-employment> [3]

	Australia
% of those who think that employees have more job security than the self-employed (2005)	51.8% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think that being an employee interferes more with family life than self-employment (2005)	25.8% [6/9 countries]
% of those who prefer being an employee to being self-employed (2005)	48.0% [6/9 countries]

Non-regular employment> [7]

	Australia
Part-time employment - male	15.3% (2019) [1/9 countries]
Part-time employment - female	37.1% (2019) [2/9 countries]
Temporary employment - male as % of dependent employment	4.7% (2017) [9/10 countries]
Temporary employment - female as % of dependent employment	5.9% (2017) [9/10 countries]
Temporary employment - 15-24 years as % of dependent employment	5.5% (2017) [10/10 countries]
% of those willing to accept temporary employment to avoid unemployment (2015)	74.9% [1/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept temporary employment to avoid unemployment (2005)	72.7% [2/9 countries]

Side business> [2]

	Australia
% of those who do any work for additional income in addition to their main job (2015)	21.0% [2/7 countries]
% of those who do any work for additional income in addition to their main job (2005)	23.3% [2/9 countries]

Recruitment and job change> [16]

	Australia
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (2015)	22.4% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that it would be easy to find a job (2005)	33.1% [3/9 countries]
% of those who turn to family members or close friends first to help them if they needed to find a job (2017)	22.1% [4/7 countries]
% of those who turn to private companies first to help them if they needed to find a job (2017)	18.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who turn to public services first to help them if they needed to find a job (2017)	22.5% [6/7 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (2015)	22.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who would turn down another job that offered quite a bit more pay in order to stay with the current organization (2005)	26.4% [6/9 countries]
% of those who would change their present type of work for something different if given the chance (2015)	39.6% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is likely that they will try to find a job with another firm or organization within the next 12 months (2015)	29.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that it is likely that they will try to find a job with another firm or organization within the next 12 months (2005)	29.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	55.6% [1/7 countries]
% of the men who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	48.2% [2/7 countries]
% of the women who have given up good job opportunities for the benefit of their family life (2015)	61.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	58.9% [1/7 countries]
% of the men who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	61.0% [1/7 countries]
% of the women who have remained in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life (2015)	57.0% [1/7 countries]

Work preference> [33]

	Australia
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (2015)	59.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that job security is very important in a job (2005)	94.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (2015)	10.2% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that high income is very important in a job (2005)	71.3% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (2015)	22.2% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that good opportunities for advancement is very important in a job (2005)	83.0% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (2015)	51.8% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that being interesting is very important in a job (2005)	96.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (2015)	20.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that working independently is very important in a job (2005)	78.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (2015)	24.2% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that helping other people is very important in a job (2005)	80.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (2015)	27.7% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that being useful to society is very important in a job (2005)	79.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (2015)	11.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that deciding times or days of work is very important in a job (2005)	55.3% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that it is important for a job to involve personal contact with other people (2015)	23.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (2015)	62.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job is secure (2005)	64.3% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (2015)	33.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high income (2005)	23.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (2015)	20.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives high opportunities for advancement (2005)	25.4% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (2015)	76.6% [6/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job is interesting (2005)	74.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (2015)	84.2% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they can work independently (2005)	81.5% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (2015)	80.8% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that they can help other people in their job (2005)	75.4% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (2015)	72.3% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job is useful to society (2005)	68.2% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives personal contact with other people (2015)	93.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that their job gives a chance to improve their skills (2005)	72.6% [3/7 countries]

Unemployment> [20]

	Australia
Unemployment rate: all ages, male and female (2021)	5.3% [6/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, male (2021)	5.4% [6/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: all ages, female (2021)	5.1% [6/10 countries]
Unemployment rate: 15-24 years old, male and female (2021)	11.3% [6/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male and female	19.4% (2018) [7/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, male	18.6% (2018) [8/10 countries]
Long-term (1 year and over) unemployment rate: all ages, female	20.2% (2018) [7/10 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (2015)	26.0% [2/7 countries]
% of those who worry about the possibility of losing your job a great deal or to some extent (2005)	19.3% [6/9 countries]
% of those willing to move within the country not to lose job (2015)	23.7% [4/7 countries]
% of those willing to move to a different country not to lose job (2015)	16.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2019)	62.6% [3/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2016)	55.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2009)	52.3% [8/9 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (2006)	57.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who agree that the government is responsible for providing a decent standard of living for the unemployed (1996)	65.2% [7/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (2016)	15.8% [7/8 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (2006)	12.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who would like to see more government spending in unemployment benefits (1996)	12.4% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that the government is successful in the policy against unemployment (2006)	52.5% [1/9 countries]

Labor policy> [1]

	Australia
Public expenditure for active labor policy, % of GDP	0.23% (2018) [6/9 countries]

Working time> [34]

	Australia
Average annual hours actually worked per worker	1,694 (2021) [3/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men and women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	238.2 (2006) [8/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (men, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	304.1 (2006) [7/10 countries]
Time spent for paid work or study (women, minutes per day per person, including commuting time)	172.0 (2006) [9/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men and women, minutes per day per person)	25.0 (2006) [7/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (men, minutes per day per person)	31.1 (2006) [7/10 countries]
Time spent for commuting (women, minutes per day per person)	18.0 (2006) [8/10 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2016)	24.6% [8/8 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (2006)	23.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who are in favour of reducing the working week to create more jobs (1996)	29.6% [7/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept longer commuting to avoid unemployment (2015)	54.5% [4/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept longer commuting to avoid unemployment (2005)	54.1% [3/9 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (2015)	23.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who prefer to work longer hours and earn more money (2005)	22.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (2015)	66.0% [3/7 countries]
% of those who prefer to work the same number of hours and earn the same money (2005)	66.6% [4/9 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (2015)	10.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who prefer to work fewer hours and earn less money (2005)	10.6% [5/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (2007)	16.2% [5/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time in a job (2005)	17.9% [4/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (2007)	50.6% [3/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time in a job (2005)	36.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often work at home during usual working hours (2015)	14.1% [3/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often work on weekends (2015)	30.5% [5/7 countries]
% of those who have a regular schedule or shift (2015)	80.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who cannot decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2015)	44.6% [5/7 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2015)	55.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves when to start/ finish work (2005)	54.6% [2/7 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves how to organize work (2015)	30.6% [4/7 countries]
% of those who can decide themselves how to organize work (2005)	76.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who enjoy 5 or less days of leave (2007)	39.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who enjoy more than 20 days of leave (2007)	25.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who can take an hour or two off during working hours (2015)	72.9% [3/7 countries]
% of those who can take an hour or two off during working hours (2005)	72.7% [3/9 countries]

Wages> [24]

	Australia
Minimum relative to average (mean) wages of full-time workers (2020)	46.3% [4/8 countries]
Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers (2020)	53.1% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (2009)	46.0% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think their pay is less than is just (1999)	45.4% [6/6 countries]
% of those willing to accept lower pay to avoid unemployment (2015)	52.1% [2/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept lower pay to avoid unemployment (2005)	49.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (2019)	79.2% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	82.1% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think how much responsibility goes with the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	79.6% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think that whether the job requires supervising others is important in deciding pay (1999)	96.0% [1/6 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (2019)	45.7% [5/8 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (2009)	52.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the number of years spent in education and training is very important in deciding pay (1999)	56.4% [3/8 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (2009)	40.5% [7/9 countries]
% of those who think what is needed to support a family is very important in deciding pay (1999)	36.1% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (2019)	11.9% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (2009)	19.6% [9/9 countries]
% of those who think whether the person has children to support is very important in deciding pay (1999)	21.1% [8/8 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (2019)	75.0% [6/8 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	76.7% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think how well he or she does the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	85.2% [4/8 countries]
% of those who think how hard he or she works at the job is very important in deciding pay (2009)	76.0% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think how hard he or she works at the job is very important in deciding pay (1999)	75.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who agree that private companies are responsible for reducing the differences in pay (2019)	63.7% [4/8 countries]

Work motivation> [18]

	Australia
% of those who often arrive at work too tired to function well because of the household work (2012)	1.8% [4/9 countries]
% of those who often arrive at work too tired to function well because of the household work (2002)	1.1% [5/7 countries]
% of those who often find it difficult to concentrate at work because of family responsibilities (2012)	2.1% [6/9 countries]
% of those who often find it difficult to concentrate at work because of family responsibilities (2002)	2.0% [3/7 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2015)	4.20 [5/7 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2012)	5.19 [5/9 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2005)	4.18 [5/8 countries]
Degree of job satisfaction (2002)	4.09 [4/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (2015)	37.4% [5/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often find work stressful (2005)	35.7% [6/9 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (2015)	20.3% [6/7 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that a job is just a way of earning money (2005)	29.3% [6/9 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (2015)	72.8% [2/7 countries]
% of those who agree to the idea that they would enjoy having a paid job even if they did not need the money (2005)	61.9% [6/9 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (2015)	9.5% [3/7 countries]
% of men who prefer no paid job at all (2005)	6.2% [5/9 countries]
% of women who prefer no paid job at all (2015)	12.4% [3/7 countries]
% of women who prefer no paid job at all (2005)	9.6% [5/9 countries]

Skills> [6]

	Australia
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (2015)	77.2% [3/7 countries]
% of those who can make much use of their past work experience and /or job skills in their present job (2005)	70.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who have got training to improve job skills over the past 12 months (2015)	55.8% [3/7 countries]
% of those who have got training to improve job skills over the past 12 months (2005)	61.1% [1/9 countries]
% of those willing to accept a job that requires new skills to avoid unemployment (2015)	87.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those willing to accept a job that requires new skills to avoid unemployment (2005)	90.0% [1/9 countries]

Workplace> [12]

	Australia
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (2015)	85.3% [4/7 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between workmates/colleagues as good (2005)	87.5% [3/7 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (2015)	66.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who are willing to work harder than they have to in order to help their firm/ organization succeed (2005)	62.1% [6/9 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (2015)	69.8% [3/7 countries]
% of those who are proud to be working for the current firm or organization (2005)	71.7% [3/9 countries]
% of those who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	23.4% [1/7 countries]
% of the men who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	25.2% [1/7 countries]
% of the women who have been discriminated against with regard to work (2015)	21.6% [2/7 countries]
% of those who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	31.9% [1/7 countries]
% of the men who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	27.3% [1/7 countries]
% of the women who have been harassed by their superiors or co-workers at their job (2015)	36.2% [1/7 countries]

Industrial relations> [15]

	Australia
Trade union participation (% of total employment)	13.7% (2018) [7/10 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2014)	28.6% [2/8 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2004)	27.5% [3/9 countries]
% of those who belong to a trade union, business, or professional association (2001)	25.2% [2/8 countries]
Strikes (the total number of working days lost because of strikes per 1000 employees) (2000-2004)	49 [5/10 countries]
% of those who think that workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests (2015)	47.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who think that strong trade unions are bad for the economy of their country (2015)	28.5% [2/7 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions have the most influence on the actions of the government (2016)	8.5% [1/8 countries]
% of those who think that trade unions are very important for the job security of employees (2005)	54.9% [4/7 countries]
% of those who think that the working conditions of employees would be much worse without trade unions (2005)	65.4% [3/7 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between management and workers (2019)	38.2% [7/8 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between management and workers (2009)	41.0% [8/9 countries]
% of those who think that there is strong conflicts between management and workers (1999)	47.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between management and employees as good (2015)	69.9% [4/7 countries]
% of those who describe relations at their workplace between management and employees as good (2005)	70.6% [3/7 countries]

Work accident> [3]

	Australia
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (2015)	23.3% [6/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often have to do hard physical work (2005)	20.2% [7/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often work in dangerous conditions (2005)	9.8% [7/9 countries]

Housework> [88]

	Australia
Time spent for routine housework (men and women, minutes per day per person)	132.1 (2006) [2/10 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (men, minutes per day per person)	93.3 (2006) [3/10 countries]
Time spent for routine housework (women, minutes per day per person)	168.0 (2006) [2/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men and women, minutes per day per person)	29.0 (2006) [3/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (men, minutes per day per person)	22.1 (2006) [4/10 countries]
Time spent for shopping (women, minutes per day per person)	36.0 (2006) [2/10 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (2007)	15.0% [3/6 countries]
% of those who would like to have more time doing household work (2005)	16.5% [4/9 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (2007)	44.5% [2/8 countries]
% of those who would like to have less time doing household work (2005)	38.1% [3/9 countries]
% of men who think that they do less than their fair share of the household work (2012)	40.7% [7/9 countries]
% of men who think that they do less than their fair share of the household work (2002)	39.4% [5/7 countries]
% of women who think that they do more than their fair share of the household work (2012)	68.5% [2/9 countries]
% of women who think that they do more than their fair share of the household work (2002)	64.5% [2/7 countries]
% of women who say that they prepare meals (2012)	66.7% [6/9 countries]
% of women who say that they prepare meals (2002)	77.2% [3/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners prepare meals (2012)	25.8% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners prepare meals (2002)	18.3% [5/7 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (2012)	78.8% [6/9 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (2002)	84.0% [4/7 countries]
% of women who say that they do the laundry of the family (1994)	85.3% [4/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (2012)	17.4% [5/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (2002)	12.8% [5/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners do the laundry of the family (1994)	15.8% [5/8 countries]
% of women who say that they clean the house (2012)	70.3% [5/9 countries]
% of women who say that they clean the house (2002)	76.8% [2/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners clean the house (2012)	25.2% [6/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners clean the house (2002)	19.5% [6/7 countries]
% of men who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	1.9% [7/9 countries]
% of women who say that they mostly decide how to raise children (2012)	31.2% [8/9 countries]
% of those who says that both partners decide how to raise children together (2012)	58.7% [4/9 countries]
% of those who think private childcare providers should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	23.1% [3/9 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide childcare for children under school age (2012)	54.1% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think family members should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	51.6% [6/9 countries]
% of those who think private providers should primarily provide help in everyday life for elderly people (2012)	7.8% [5/9 countries]
% of those who think that the elderly people themselves or their family should primarily cover the costs of the help to elderly people (2012)	44.8% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2012)	67.6% [2/9 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (2002)	74.7% [1/7 countries]
% of women who say that they care for sick family members (1994)	71.8% [2/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2012)	35.6% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (2002)	29.2% [6/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners care for sick family members (1994)	33.7% [7/8 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	10.9% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (2002)	10.1% [3/7 countries]
% of women who say that they manage all the money of their family (1994)	12.7% [3/8 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (2012)	9.3% [5/9 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (2002)	11.6% [1/7 countries]
% of men who say that they manage all the money of their family (1994)	12.1% [3/8 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (2012)	58.5% [3/9 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (2002)	57.9% [3/7 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage all the money of their family (1994)	57.2% [4/8 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (2012)	12.3% [5/9 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (2002)	13.7% [4/7 countries]
% of those who say that both pool and manage part of the money of their family (1994)	12.8% [4/8 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (2012)	10.0% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (2002)	9.2% [6/7 countries]
% of those who say that each partner manages their own money (1994)	7.6% [5/8 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	57.8% [4/9 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (2002)	73.6% [1/7 countries]
% of women who say that they shop for groceries (1994)	67.5% [2/8 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (2012)	15.7% [4/9 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (2002)	23.6% [1/7 countries]
% of men who say that they shop for groceries (1994)	13.7% [1/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (2012)	36.5% [7/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (2002)	24.0% [6/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners shop for groceries (1994)	31.4% [7/8 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (2012)	87.7% [3/9 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (2002)	85.7% [2/7 countries]
% of men who say that they make small repairs in the household (1994)	88.0% [1/8 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (2012)	11.5% [5/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (2002)	11.1% [7/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners make small repairs in the household (1994)	11.4% [5/8 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	5.7% [6/9 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2002)	3.1% [4/7 countries]
% of men who say that they choose weekend activities (2002)	6.6% [5/7 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2012)	9.7% [8/9 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2002)	34.5% [2/7 countries]
% of women who say that they choose weekend activities (2002)	14.9% [2/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2012)	56.8% [2/9 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2002)	59.0% [5/7 countries]
% of those who say that both partners choose weekend activities together (2002)	60.3% [2/7 countries]
% of those who often come home from work too tired to do the chores (2012)	19.8% [7/9 countries]
% of those who often come home from work too tired to do the chores (2002)	16.3% [5/7 countries]
% of those who often work too long to fulfil family responsibilities (2012)	10.3% [4/9 countries]
% of those who often work too long to fulfil family responsibilities (2002)	8.4% [4/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that job interfere with family life (2015)	21.7% [1/7 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that job interfere with family life (2005)	22.6% [2/9 countries]
% of those who always/ often feel that family life interfere with job (2015)	6.2% [4/7 countries]

Voluntary activities> [5]

	Australia
% of those who take part in activities of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work once a month or more (2017)	17.0% [1/7 countries]
% of those who never take part in activities of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work (2017)	53.7% [6/7 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men and women, minutes per day per person)	5.5 (2006) [3/8 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (men, minutes per day per person)	4.0 (2006) [3/8 countries]
Time spent for volunteering (women, minutes per day per person)	7.5 (2006) [1/8 countries]